Black workers and labor unions in Birmingham, Alabama, 1897–1904∗

The author is indebted to Yale University for a travel grant which made much of the research for this article possible. I am also grateful to C. Vann Woodward, Mark Leiserson, and Edwin Redkey for their critical reading of an earlier version.

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Notes

The author is indebted to Yale University for a travel grant which made much of the research for this article possible. I am also grateful to C. Vann Woodward, Mark Leiserson, and Edwin Redkey for their critical reading of an earlier version.