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Notes
1. Y. Shavit, Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement, 1925–1948 (London: Frank Cass, 1988), p.20.
2. ‘Déclaration du Comité Central de l’Union des Sionistes-Révisionnistes’, in ‘World Union of Zionists-Revisionists, Déclaration du Comité Central de l’Union des Sionistes-Révisionnistes (1925)’, Jabotinsky Institute (henceforth JI) 23-1G.
3. See J. Schechtman, ‘Puti revizionizma’[The Course of Revisionism], Rassviet, No.52, 27 Dec. 1925.
4. L. Weissbrod, ‘Economic Factors and Political Strategies; the Defeat of the Revisionists in Mandatory Palestine’, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.19, No.3 (1983), p.330.
5. The English version appeared in The Jewish Chronicle, 8 May 1925. For a version in Yiddish see the file ‘World Union of Zionists-Revisionists, First World Convention, Paris – Protocols and Resolutions’, JI 18-1G.
6. J. Metzer, The Divided Economy of Mandatory Palestine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p.178.
7. G. Shimoni, The Zionist Ideology (New Haven, CT: Brandeis University Press, 1995), p.238.
8. Conférence des Sionistes-Révisionnistes tenue à Paris du 26 au 30 Avril 1925 (Salonique: L’association des Sionistes-Révisionnistes du Salonique, 1925), pp.22–3.
9. J. Schechtman and Y. Benari, History of the Revisionist Movement, Vol.1, 1925–1930 (Tel Aviv: Hadar, 1970), p.42.
10. V. Jabotinsky, ‘O zheleznoi stene: My i Araby’[On the Iron Wall: We and the Arabs], Rassviet, No.42/43, 4 Nov. 1923.
11. V. Jabotinsky, ‘The Iron Wall (We and the Arabs)’, The Jewish Herald, 26 Nov. 1937.
12. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Bol’shinstvo’[Majority], Rassviet, No.38/39, 21 Oct. 1923.
13. I. Lustick, ‘To Build and to Be Built By: Israel and the Hidden Logic of the Iron Wall’, Israel Studies, Vol.1, No.1 (1996), p.223 n.30.
14. See also V. Jabotinsky, ‘Politicheskie zadachi konferentsii’[Political Tasks of the Conference], Rassviet, No.16, 19 April 1925.
15. Jabotinsky, ‘O zheleznoi stene: My i Araby’.
16. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Etika zheleznoi steny’[Ethics of the Iron Wall], Rassviet, No.44/45, 11 Nov. 1923.
17. ‘Tretii s’ezd sionistkoi organizatsii v Rossii’[Third Conference of the Zionist Organization in Russia], Evreiskii narod, No.7, 2 Dec. 1906, p.52.
18. V. Jabotinsky, ‘O dvunatsionalnoi Palestine’[On Bi-national Palestine], Rassviet, No.1, 3 Jan. 1926.
19. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Opiat’ o dvunatsionalnoi Palestine’[Again on Bi-national Palestine], Rassviet, No.41, 16 Oct. 1927.
20. Jabotinsky, ‘Politicheskie zadachi konferentsii’.
21. Jabotinsky, ‘O dvunatsionalnoi Palestine’.
22. ‘Min ha-vikuah ha-medini be-ve‘idat ‘En Harod’[From the Political Debate at the ‘En Harod Conference], Yalqut ’Ahdut ha-‘avoda[’Ahdut ha-‘avoda anthology], Vol.1 (Tel Aviv: ’Ahdut ha-‘avoda, 1929), pp.299–301.
23. For more see A. Shapira, Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881–1948 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp.187–92.
24. See Y. Goldstein, ‘Ben-Gurion and the Bi-national Idea in Palestine’, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.24, No.4 (1988), pp.460–77.
25. ‘Press Bulletin, 8. 9. 1930’, p.2, in ‘Press Bulletins of the Executive Committee London, 1929–1933’, JI II/1/3-2G.
26. ‘IV vsemirnaia konferentsiia Soiuza Sionistov-Revizionistov’[Fourth World Conference of the Union of Zionists-Revisionists], Rassviet, No.33, 17 Aug. 1930.
27. ‘N.Z.O.: Its Structure and Aims’, in ‘N.Z.O. Constitutions, Aims, Regulations (1935–1939)’, JI 1/1-4G.
28. ‘Politicheskie rezoliutsii’[Political Resolutions], Gadegel, No.21, 20 Oct. 1935.
29. See ‘Principles and Action Programme of the Executive Committee London, 1929’, pp.4–7, in ‘World Union of Zionists-Revisionists, Executive, London, Principles and the Action Programs (1929–1933)’, JI 1/1-2G.
30. V. Jabotinsky, Państwo Żydowskie[The Jewish State] (Warszawa: Renaissance, 1936), pp.136–41.
31. Ibid., pp.9–10.
32. S. Sofer, Zionism and the Foundation of Israeli Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p.152.
33. I. Galnoor, The Partition of Palestine: Decision Crossroads in the Zionist Movement (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985), pp.101–5, 210–14.
34. Ibid., p.109.
35. S. Lee-Hattis, ‘Jabotinsky's Parity Plan for Palestine’, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.13, No.1 (1977), pp.93–4.
36. V. Jabotinsky, The War and the Jew (London: Allen and Unwin, 1940), pp.216–18.
37. J. Heller, The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics and Terror, 1940–1949 (London: Frank Cass, 1995), pp.62–3.
38. Jabotinsky, The War and the Jew, pp.218–22.
39. Galnoor, The Partition of Palestine, pp.143–46.
40. ‘Press Bulletin, 4. 2. 1932’, in ‘Press Bulletins of the Executive Committee London (1929–1933)’.
41. ‘Déclaration du Comité Central de l’Union des Sionistes-Révisionnistes’.
42. See for example Jabotinsky, Państwo Żydowskie, pp.52–3.
43. Basic Principles of Revisionism: Compiled from the Resolutions of the First, Second, and Third World Conference of the Union of Zionists-Revisionists (London: Union of Zionists-Revisionists, 1929), p.5.
44. ‘Principles and Action Programme of the Executive Committee London, 1929’, p.3.
45. Jabotinsky, ‘Politicheskie zadachi konferentsii’.
46. ‘Déclaration du Comité Central de l’Union des Sionistes-Révisionnistes’.
47. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Seventh Dominium’, New Palestine, No.16, 27 June 1928.
48. ‘Press Bulletin, 8. 9. 1930’, p.1.
49. ‘Circular Letter, no.2/II, 19. 9. 1930’, in ‘Circular Letters published by the Executive Committee London (1929–1933)’, JI 1/2-2G.
50. ‘IV vsemirnaia konferentsiia Soiuza Sionistov-Revizionistov’.
51. See C. Shindler, The Triumph of Military Zionism: Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right (London: I.B. Tauris, 2005), pp.150–51.
52. English translation of Jabotinsky's speech delivered on 28 Dec. 1931 (original in Yiddish), ‘Press Bulletin, 5. 1. 1932’, pp.6–8, in ‘Press Bulletins of the Executive Committee London (1929–1933)’.
53. English translation of Grossman's speech delivered on 27 Dec. 1931 (original in Yiddish), ‘Press Bulletin, 5. 1. 1932’, p.3.
54. Ibid., p.4.
55. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Ob otnosheniam k Anglii’[About the Relations with England], Rassviet, No.21, 22 May 1932.
56. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Otvetnaia rech’ Zhabotinkogo’[Jabotinsky Responding to the Debate], Rassviet, No.37, 11 Sept. 1932.
57. Schechtman and Benari, History of the Revisionist Movement, pp.317–19.
58. ‘Politicheskie rezoliutsii’[Political Resolutions], Gadegel, No.21, 20 Oct. 1935.
59. Jabotinsky, Państwo Żydowskie, pp.56–8.
60. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Problem przemysłu’ (The Problem of the Industry), Trybuna Narodowa, 24 April 1936. As J.C. Hurewitz noted as early as 1950, the immigration quota for the capitalists (possession of £500; £250 for craftsmen), which applied to whole families, was actually unchanged until August 1937. J.C. Hurewitz, The Struggle for Palestine (New York: Norton, 1950), p.81.
61. V. Jabotinsky, Evidence Submitted to the Palestine Royal Commission, House of lords, February 11th, 1937, by M. V. Jabotinsky, on behalf of the New Zionist Organization (London: New Zionist Press, 1937), p.35.
62. Jabotinsky, Państwo Żydowskie, p.164.
63. L. Weinbaum, Marriage of Convenience: The New Zionist Organization and the Polish Government, 1936–1939 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), pp.112–14, 120.
64. For more see Heller, The Stern Gang, pp.78–91.
65. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Voina’[The War], Rassviet, No.17, 23 April 1933.
66. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Nash ekzamen na gosudarsvenost’’[Our Test on Statehood], Rassviet, No.20, 17 May 1933.
67. ‘What is the Program of the Revisionist Party (1938)’, in ‘N.Z.O. Constitution, Aims, Regulations (1935–1939)’, JI 1/1-4G.
68. V. Pinto, ‘Between Imago and Res: The Revisionist-Zionist Movement's Relationship with Fascist Italy, 1922–1938’, Israel Affairs, Vol.10, No.3 (2004), pp.100–102.
69. Y. Gorny, ’Ahdut ha-‘avoda, 1919–1930: ha-yesodot ha-ra‘ayoniyim ve ha-shita ha-medinit[’Ahdut ha-‘avoda, 1919–1930: The Ideological Foundations and the Political System] (Tel Aviv: Hotsa’at ’universitat Tel Aviv, 1973), p.280.
70. J. Heller, The Birth of Israel, 1945–1949: Ben-Gurion and his Critics (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000), p.9.
71. Sofer, Zionism and the Foundation of Israeli Democracy, pp.96, 98–100.
72. S. Sofer, Begin: An Anatomy of Leadership (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988), p.157.
73. Shavit, Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement, 1925–1948, pp.229–30.
74. Schechtman and Benari, History of the Revisionist Movement, pp.16–17.
75. Ibid., p.51.
76. A. Avi-hai, Ben-Gurion-State-Builder: Principles and Pragmatism, 1948–1963 (Jerusalem: Israel University Press, 1974), p.18.
77. Schechtman and Benari, History of the Revisionist Movement, pp.71–74.
78. ‘Revisionist Bulletin’, No.4, 28 Oct. 1929, in ‘Revisionist Bulletins (1929–1930)’, JI 5/3-2G.
79. ‘Letter from the Executive Committee with a Seat in London to Jabotinsky’, 30 July 1930, JI I/27/6-2G.
80. ‘Revisionist Bulletin’, No.1, 9 Sept. 1930, in ‘Revisionist Bulletins (1930–1932)’, JI 6/3-2G.
81. ‘Revisionist Bulletin’, No.2/II, 26 Sept. 1930, in ‘Revisionist Bulletins (1930–1932)’.
82. ‘Letter from Grossman to Jabotinsky, 26 Oct. 1930’, JI I/27/6-2G.
83. ‘Circular Letter’, No.2/II, 19 Sept. 1930, in ‘Circulars Published by the Executive Committee London (1929–1933)’.
84. ‘Circular Letter’, No.14/2, 13 Aug. 1931, in ‘Circulars Published by the Executive Committee London (1929–1933)’.
85. ‘Letter from Angel to Jabotinsky’, 28 April 1931, JI I/27/6-2G.
86. A. Shapira, Berl: The Biography of a Socialist Zionist (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p.102.
87. ‘Shiluvei dvarim el ha-ve‘ida ha-qlalit ha-rishona’[Miscellanea to First General Convention], in Yalqut ’Ahdut ha-‘avoda, Vol.1, pp.22–4.
88. Gorny, ’Ahdut ha-‘avoda, 1919–1930, p.51.
89. Ibid., pp.278–9.
90. B. Kanari, Tabenkin be-’Erets Yisra’el[Tabenkin in Israel] (Beersheva: Hotsa’at ha-sfarim shel ’universitat Ben-Gurion ba-Negev, 2003), p.65.
91. Y. Goldstein, Mifleget poalei ’Erets Yisra’el: gormim la-haqamatah[Mapai: Causes of its Foundation] (Tel Aviv: ‘Am ‘oved/Tarbut ve-hinukh, 1975), pp.31–2.
92. P. Medding, Mapai in Israel: Political Organisation and Government in a New Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972), p.15.
93. By 1932 membership of the RU reached ca. 60,000. According to the Revisionist estimates about 713,000 voters took part in the elections to the founding convention of the NZO. The youth organization Betar experienced growth in numbers not dissimilar to the mother party (ca. 75,000 by 1938).
94. Weissbrod, ‘Economic Factors and Political Strategies’, p.337.
95. For more on the topic see J. Zouplna, ‘Vladimir Jabotinsky and the Split within the Revisionist Union: From the Boulogne Agreement to the Katowice Putsch, 1931–33’, The Journal of Israeli History, Vol.24, No.1 (2005), pp.45–56.
96. ‘Organisationsreferat gehalten von Herrn Meir Grossmann, auf der V. Weltkonferentz der Union der Zionisten-Revisionisten, 29.8.1932’, p.2, in ‘Fifth World Conference Vienna: Protocols and Resolutions’, JI III/4/7-2G.
97. ‘Konstitutsionnyi zakon novoi sionistskoi organizatsii’[Constitutional Law of the New Zionist Organisation], Gadegel, No.21, 20 Oct. 1935.
98. Shapira, Land and Power, p.161.
99. Y. Shapiro, The Road to Power: Herut Party in Israel (New York: State University of New York Press, 1991), p.37.
100. Shavit, Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement, 1925–1948, p.314.
101. V. Jabotinsky, ‘Sotsial’naia programma revizionizma’[The Social Program of Revisionism], Gadegel, No.23–4, 10 Dec. 1934.
102. J. Schechtman, The Life and Times of Vladimir Jabotinsky (New York: Thomas Yosseloff, 1956–61).
103. English translation of the report from 15 March 1939 was reproduced in J. Tomaszewski, ‘Vladimir Jabotinsky's Talks with Representatives of the Polish Government’, Polin: A Journal of Polish-Jewish Studies, Vol.3 (1988), p.286.
104. Schechtman, The Life and Times of Vladimir Jabotinsky.
105. See Weinbaum, Marriage of Convenience, pp.136–9, 146–50.
106. Heller, The Stern Gang, p.36.
107. See especially Schechtman, The Life and Times of Vladimir Jabotinsky, Vol.2, p.452.
108. Y. Weitz, Mi-mahteret lohemet le-miflaga politit: ha-haqama shel tnu‘at ha-Herut, 1947–1949[From Fighting Underground to Political Party: The Foundation of the Herut Movement, 1947–1949] (Beersheva: Hotsa‘at ha-sfarim shel ’universitat Ben-Gurion ba-Negev, 2002), pp.38, 41.
109. E. Kaplan, The Jewish Radical Right: Revisionist Zionism and its Ideological Legacy (Madison: University of Michigan Press), p.10.
110. Weitz, Mi-mahteret lohemet le-miflaga politit, p.96.
111. Shavit, Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement, 1925–1948, p.9.
112. Shimoni, The Zionist Ideology, p.239.
113. Heller, The Birth of Israel, 1945–1949, pp.9, 249.
114. Gorny, ’Ahdut ha-‘avoda, 1919–1930, p.62.
115. V. Jabotinsky, ‘My burzhui’[We the Bourgeoisie], Rassviet, No.19, 15 May 1927.
116. See M. Stanislawski, Zionism and the Fin de Siècle: Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism from Nordau to Jabotinsky (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
117. See J.D. Klier, Russia Gathers her Jews: The Origins of the ‘Jewish Question’ in Russia, 1772–1825 (Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1986); J.D. Klier, Imperial Russia's Jewish Question, 1855–1881 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995); M. Stanislawski, Tsar Nicholas I and the Jews: The Transformation of Jewish Society in Russia, 1825–1855 (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1983).
118. See R.B. Ben-Hur, Every Individual, A King: The Social and Political Thought of Ze’ev Vladimir Jabotinsky (Washington: Bnai Brith, 1993).
119. See I. Peleg, Begin's Foreign Policy, 1977–1982 (New York: Greenwood Press, 1983), pp.1–15.
120. I. Peleg, ‘Zionist Right and Constructive Realism’, Israel Studies, Vol.10, No.3 (2005), pp.128–9; see further pp.132–6.
121. E. Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel's Radical Right (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp.23–34.
122. An article devoted to Rassviet appeared in the French scholarly journal Archives Juives in 2003. Characteristically enough, the special issue, containing interesting and erudite information on the Jewish press in France between the world wars, still has one weak point – the article about Rassviet provides us with no new insights. It simply utilizes material from Schechtman's account, boosting this with insights originating in the folklore of the Israeli right. See S. Markish, ‘Quand Vladimir Jabotinsky était parisien; “Le Rassviet”, revue sioniste-révisionniste en langue russe’, Archives Juives, Vol.36, No.1 (2003), pp.70–88.
123. Shavit, Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement, 1925–1948, p.57.
124. Ibid., pp.44, 47.