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Articles

The tradition of tattooing in Siverek, TurkeyFootnote*

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ABSTRACT

Looking at the relationship between tattooing and its past and present Islamic interpretations, this article presents the case of an old tattooing practice that transformed into a folk belief. Setting aside the antagonistic tension between tattooing as an adorning means and Islamic injunctions prohibiting tattooing, this article assesses the practice by reference to the ways it was recently encapsulated within a narrative of fashion, usage and custom. The study is based on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation and extensive interviews carried out with members of the Arab tribe Hatipogullari, living in five villages and on the hilly ‘arable field’ (Arap Bölgesi) near the town of Siverek, in the south-eastern Turkish province of Şanliurfa.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. C.W. MacQuarrie, ‘Insular Celtic Tattooing: History, Myth, and Metaphor’, in J. Caplan (ed.), Written on the Body: The Tattoo in Europe and American History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), pp.159–89.

2. N. Linos, ‘Reclaiming the Social Body Through Self-Directed Violence: Seeking Anthropological Understanding of Suicide Attacks’, Anthropology Today, Vol.26, No.5 (2010), pp.8–12.

3. C. Jones, ‘Stigma and Tattoo’; Caplan (ed.), Written on the Body, p.91–107.

4. L. Taylor (ed.), Visualizing Theory: Selected Essays from V.A.R., 1990–1994 (New York: Routledge, 1994); Caplan (ed.), (2000).

5. R. Yaran, ‘Dövme’ Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi [‘Tattoo’ Turkish Academic Encyclopedia for Islamic Studies], 1st ed. (Istanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 1994), pp.521; P. Della Casa and C. Witt, ‘The Power to Cure: A Brief History of Therapeutic Tattooing’, Zurich Studies in Archaeology, Vol.9 (2013), pp.27–34.

6. S.V. Örnek, 100 Soruda İlkellerde Din, Büyü, Sanat, Efsane [With 100 Questions: Religion, Magic, Art and Legends in Primitive Times.], 3rd ed. (Istanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi, 1995), pp.187–8; A. Tasgin, ‘Geleneksel Dövme [Traditional Tattoo]’, Cogito Dergisi [Cogito Magazine], Vol.44–5 (2006), pp.225–34.

7. O. Hançerlioğlu, Dünya İnançları Sözlüğü [Dictionary of World Beliefs], 3rd ed. (Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 2000), pp.122; Tasgin, (2006).

8. A. Gülen, ‘Mardin'in Kızıltepe Yöresinde Dak ve Dövmeler’ [Dak and Tattoos in Mardin's Kiziltepe Region], Türk Folklor Araştırmaları [Turkish Folk Research], Vol.13 (1975), pp.7334–5; U. Barlas, ‘Gaziantep Kent Kültürünün Oluşmasında Fırat Yöresi Türkmen Oymaklarının Etkisi’ [Firat Region Turkman Tribes Effect on Gaziantep City Cultural Development], in T. Gulensoy (ed.), Fırat Havzası II. Folklor Ve Etnoğrafya Sempozyumu [2nd Folk and Ethnography Symposium in Firat Havzasi] (Elazığ: Fırat University Press, 1989), pp.39–61; I. Can, ‘Beden Resimleri ‘Dövme’’ [Body Paintings “Tattoo”] (Master's thesis, Istanbul, 1991); N. Kadıoğlu, ‘Anadolu'nun Bazı Yörelerinde Dövme Adeti ve Bu Adetin Çağdaş Yaşamdaki Yeri’ [Tradition of Tattoo in Some Regions of Anotolia and its Place in Modern Life], in Ministry of Culture (ed.), Türk Halk Kültürü Araştırma Sonuçları Sempozyumu, Bildirileri [Symposium Proceedings on Research Results of Turkish Culture] (Ankara: Kültür Yayınları, 1996), pp.222–27; D. Yıldırım, Baraklar ve Dövme [Baraks and Tattoo.] (Ankara: Bachelor Thesis, Department of Social Anthropology, University of Ankara, 2000); Tasgin, (2006).

9. Tasgin, (2006).

10. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees’ data, by March 2015, Turkey was hosting no fewer than 2.7 million Syrian refugees, most of them (temporarily) settled in areas close to the Syrian border (http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/country.php?id=224 accessed online 4 March 2016).

11. On the Zaza see, for instance, S.M. Kaya, The Zaza Kurds of Turkey: A Middle Eastern Minority in a Globalised Society (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011).

12. On multi-sited ethnography see G. Marcus, ‘Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi Sited Ethnography’, Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol.24 (1995), pp.95–117.

13. M. Mollica, ‘Understanding Determinants: Syrian Orthodox Christians and Security Related Issues in Diyarbakır’, Urban Anthropology, Vol.40, No.1–2 (2011), pp.109–50.

14. A. Taşğın and M. Mollica, ‘Disappearing Old Christian Professions in the Middle East: The Case of Diyarbakır Pushee-Makers’, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.51, No.6 (2015), pp.922–31.

15. K. Delibaş, The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey: Urban Poverty, Grassroots Activism and Islamic Fundamentalism (London: I.B. Tauris, 2014).

16. G. Mensching, Dini Sosyoloji [Religious Sociology] (Konya: Tekin Kitabevi, 1994), pp.143–8. Translated by M. Aydın.

17. Ebu Abdullah Şemseddin Muhammed b. Süleyman el-Mekki Rudani, Büyük Hadis Külliyatı, Vol.3 (Istanbul: Iz Yayınları, 1996).

18. A.F. Kocaer, Sahih-i Buhari Muhtasar-ı Tecrid-i Sarih, Vol.1 (Konya: Hüner Yayınevi, 2014a), pp.450.

19. A.F. Kocaer, Abdullah Feyzi 2014b. Sahih-i Buhari Muhtasar-ı Tecrid-i Sarih, Vol.2 (Konya: Hüner Yayınevi, 2014b), pp.222.

20. Ebü'l-Abbas Şehabeddin Ahmed b. Ahmed b. Abdüllatif Zebidi, Sahih-i Buhari Muhtasarı Tecrid-i Sarih Tercemesi ve Şerhi, Vol.6 (Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları, 1982), pp.379–81; A. Davudoğlu, Sahihi Müslim Tercüme ve Şerhi [The Real Islamic Translation and Şerhi], Vol.9 (Istanbul: Sönmez Neşriyat, 1983), pp.511–12; Rudani, Büyük Hadis Külliyatı, p.152–3.

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