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Abstract
The a. c. instabilities have been investigated for homogeneeoulsy oriented layers of nematic liquid crystals (NLC) with negative dielectric anisotropy (ε a <0) and for hometropically oriented NLC layers with ε a >0. It is shown that electro-convective “isotropic” flows of a liquid nea fthe electrodes play crucial role in the formation of optical domain sturctures. A mechanism is discussed for he threshold destabilization of an initial director field in thin oriented NLC layers.