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Abstract
Molecular-orientations in liquid-crystal cells can be changed by the external electric field even if voltages are not directly applied across the electrodes. Then the strength of the electric field can be measured by the change of the molecular orientations, that is, of the optical properties of the liquid-crystal cells in the electric field, as well as in the magnetic field. Both reflection and transmission type field sensors are prepared by using TN cells and optical fiber systems. When the substrate surface of the cell is perpendicular to the field, the transmittance increases above the threshold of the field strength. On the other hand, when the surface is parallel to the field, the transmittance continuously increases according to the increase of the field covering the wide range.
