Theory of chemical bonds in metalloenzymes XX: magneto-structural correlations in the CaMn₄O₅ cluster in oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II

ABSTRACT

Magneto-structural correlations in oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) have been elucidated on the basis of theoretical and computational results in combination with available electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experimental results, and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results. To this end, the computational methods based on broken-symmetry (BS) UB3LYP solutions have been developed to elucidate magnetic interactions in the active manganese catalyst for water oxidation by sunlight. The effective exchange interactions J for the CaMn(III)Mn(IV)₃O₅(H₂O)₃Y(Y = H₂O or OH⁻) cluster (1) model of OEC of PSII have been calculated by the generalised approximate spin projection (GAP) method that eliminates the spin contamination errors of the BS UB3LYP solution. Full geometry optimisations followed by the zero-point energy (ZPE) correction have been performed for all the spin configurations of 1 to improve the J values that are compared with accumulated EPR in the S₂ state of Kok cycle and magnetic susceptibility results of Christou model complex Ca₂Mn(IV)₃O₄ (2). Using the calculated J values, exact diagonalisation of the spin Hamiltonian matrix has been carried out to obtain excitation energies and spin densities of the ground and lower excited states of 1. The calculated excitation energies are consistent with the available experimental results. The calculated spin densities (projection factors) are also compatible with those of the EPR results. The calculated spin densities have been used to calculate the isotropic hyperfine (A_iso) constants of ⁵⁵Mn ions revealed by the EPR experiments. Implications of the computational results are discussed in relation to the structural symmetry breaking (SSB) in the S₁, S₂ and S₃ states, spin crossover phenomenon induced by the near-infrared excitation and the right- and left-handed scenarios for the O–O bond formation for water oxidation.

KEYWORDS:

• BS UB3LYP
• PSII
• oxygen-evolving complex
• spin Hamiltonian model
• magneto-structural correlations

Acknowledgments

One of the authors (K. Yamaguchi) thanks Prof. H. Mino, Dr. K. Kawakami, Dr. Y. Umena, Prof. J.-R. Shen, Prof. N. Kamiya and Dr. J. Yano for their helpful discussions on EPR, XRD, XFEL and EXAFS experiments of OEC of PSII.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work has been supported by a Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) No. 2355016 (to S. Yamanaka) and a Grants-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research No. 24000018 (to M. Shoji, J. R. S and K. Yamaguchi) by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.