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SUMMARY
Three new chytrids, Karlingia granulata, K. hyalina, and K. spinosa, were isolated from soil samples collected in the Amazon Valley in Brazil and grown on various substrata which contain cellulose. They have the same type of development, organization, and structure as species of Rhizophlyctis but differ by the presence of exo- and endoöpercula in the sporangia. In K. granulata the majority of opercula occur at the apices of exit papillae or tubes, but frequently the tips of the papillae deliquesce and the opercula are formed beneath. In the other two species, the tip of the exit tube always deliquesces and becomes filled with a plug of hyaline material, while the operculum develops underneath. Karlingia granulata is characterized by spherical zoöspores which contain numerous minute hyaline granules and by smooth brown resting spores, whereas K. spinosa is distinguishable by spiny and verrucose resting spores and zoöspores with one to six golden globules. In K. hyalina, on the other hand, the zoöspores contain one large conspicuous hyaline refractive globule. In addition to these three species, K. rosea was found in all soil samples from Brazil. In all species except K. spinosa a few polycentric thalli were observed.