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SUMMARY
Caulocystidia and pileocystidia are used for the first time in the genus Xeromphalina Kühn & Maire in combination with morphological and chemical characters to delimit subgenic taxa. Three sections (one new) and four subsections (one new) accommodate the 12 species and varieties described for Europe and North America. A new species and a new variety are described from western United States. Additional ecological information and extended ranges of many of the taxa are reported. Keys to all taxa are provided along with illustrations of important structures and pictures of 3 species.