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ABSTRACT
Three lines of evidence are reported for heterokaryon formation in Morchella esculenta and related species. Cultural studies demonstrated a genetic basis for different types of interactions between mycelia from sister and non-sister spores. Cytological studies of the mycelial interaction between non-sister monoascosporous isolates demonstrated nuclear pairing in presumptive heterokaryons. Two different mutations isolated in this study were used to show genetic complementation in these heterokaryons.