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Abstract
Two hundred and fifty-seven strains belonging to 28 ascomycetous yeast species were isolated from fallen guava fruit (Psidium guajava) from an Atlantic forest and a rural area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The most frequent species were Kloeckera africana, K. apis, Pichia kluyveri and P. membranifaciens. Issatchenkia sp A and Issatchenkia sp B, two probable new species were also isolated in a high frequency at the forest site. Mycocinogenic yeasts (killer yeasts) with narrow killing spectra were represented by Candida diddensiae-like, C. diversa, C. stellata, I. terricola, K. africana, K. lindneri, P. kluyveri, P. membranifaciens and Torulaspora delbrueckii. The yeasts from tropical guava fruit have very similar physiological profiles that could have converged in response to host chemistry and vectors.