Interdependent nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide independently regulate the coix seed oil–induced triterpene acid accumulation in Ganoderma lingzhi

ABSTRACT

Recent progress has been made in adding exogenous vegetable oils in culture media to promote bioactive metabolite production in several medicinal mushrooms, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that the vegetable oil coix seed oil (CSO) could induce the biosynthesis of triterpene acids (TAs) and also significantly increase cytoplasmic nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations in the mycelium of Ganoderma lingzhi. The change in TA biosynthesis caused by CSO could be reversed by adding NO scavenger or H₂O₂ scavenger, and adding NO scavenger or H₂O₂ scavenger resulted in the reduction of the cytoplasmic H₂O₂ or NO concentration under CSO treatment, respectively. Moreover, adding NO scavenger or H₂O₂ scavenger reversed TA biosynthesis, which could be rescued by H₂O₂ or NO donor, respectively. Taken together, our study indicated that both NO and H₂O₂ were involved in the regulation of TA biosynthesis, and CSO-activated NO and H₂O₂ were interdependent but independently regulated the TA biosynthesis under CSO treatment in G. lingzhi.

KEYWORDS:

• Coix seed oil
• Ganoderma lingzhi
• hydrogen peroxide
• nitric oxide
• triterpene acids

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772374), the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China (17K106 and 18B167), the National Key R & D Programs of Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Cooperation (2017YFE0108100), Project of International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province (2018WK4008), and the Program of Forestry Science Innovation of Hunan Province (XLK201944).