Multilocus phylogeny and taxonomy of European Melanoleuca subgenus Melanoleuca

ABSTRACT

Revision of the taxonomically complicated European Melanoleuca taxa with well-developed macrocystidia (subgenus Melanoleuca) is presented. The species are delimited by macro- and micromorphological characters and by multilocus molecular data based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), second largest subunit of RNA polymerase I (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) genes. The study is based on both type material and recent collections. Phylogenetically, these taxa form 10 clades recognized as 11 separate species: M. albomarginata, M. ammophila, M. bataillei, M. cavipes, M. friesii, M. granadensis, M. melaleuca, M. pallidicutis, M. polioleuca, M. strictipes, and M. variabilis. Three species, M. albomarginata, M. ammophila, and M. variabilis, are described as new. Melanoleuca melaleuca is discussed here as the type species of the genus. Discussion of other older names and their taxonomic status is also provided.

KEYWORDS:

• Agaricomycetes
• DNA sequencing
• systematics
• type revisions
• 3 new species
• 11 new typifications

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the curators of the ANC, F, G, H, K, L, LIP, LPS, M, MPU, PC, S, SLO, and TAAM herbaria for loans of the type and other specimens, and S. Adamčík (Slovakia), M. Beran (Czech Republic), J. Borovička (Czech Republic), M. Caboň (Slovakia), H. Deckerová (Czech Republic), D. Dvořák (Czech Republic), A. Ďurišková (Slovakia), M. Everlingová (Slovakia), S. Glejdura (Slovakia), L. Hagara (Slovakia), H. Hamerská (Czech Republic), V. Janský (Slovakia), O. Jindřich (Czech Republic), V. Kabát (Slovakia), P. Kešeľák (Slovakia), J. Komár (Slovakia), V. Kučera (Slovakia), J. Malý (Czech Republic), D. Marounek (Czech Republic), M. Melandri (Italy), CH. Nielsen (Denmark), F. Padovan (Italy), N. Rybáriková (Slovakia), G. Saar (Germany), J. Slavíček^† (Czech Republic), T. Smidth (Denmark), H. Ševčíková (Czech Republic), I. Tomašeková (Slovakia), I. Vašičková (Slovakia), M. Vašutová (Czech Republic), A. Vágner^† (Czech Republic), G. Veroi (Italy), P. Zehnálek (Czech Republic), and A. Zuccherelli (Italy) for providing their collections for our studies and our herbaria. We also thank J. Borovička and J. Burel (Czech Republic) and L.A. Parra Sanchez (Spain) for permission to publish their photographs in this paper. R.P. also thanks his friend Roberto Fontenla for collaboration in the study of this genus. We thank dr. Martin Mullett (Mendel university in Brno) for linguistic revision of the text. The authors also wish to thank L. Ilkovics (Masaryk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic) for providing the SEM microphotographs of the basidiospores.

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Funding

The studies of V.A. were made possible by the support provided to the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development program for research institutions (DKRVO, ref. MK000094862). Sequencing was partially supported by European Regional Development Fund, Project Phytophthora Research Centre CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/ 15_003/0000453.