Extreme growth deformations of Libocedrus bidwillii at Arthur's Pass, South Island, New Zealand

Abstract

Severely deformed and stunted trees of Libocedrus bidwillii occur at 900 m a.s.l. near the summit of Arthur's Pass. Aborted main stems, prostrate to procumbent lower branches, and strongly asymmetric growth of the trees are presumably the result of wind desiccation, since the influence of winter snow pack and frost is negligible at this altitude. Foliage-bearing branches are morecommon up to 60–80 cm above ground level, where tussock grasses and other low vegetation decrease wind speed.

Keywords:

• Libocedrus bidwillii
• growth deformations
• winter desiccation
• wind influence
• timberline ecotone
• Arthur's Pass National Park