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SUMMARY
The vertical-horizontal illusion was observed under two conditions: with fixation and without fixation. In the O-Condition (without fixation) the illusory effect—the overestimation of the vertical line—is at work alone. In the F-Condition (with fixation) the illusion is combined with the after-effect.
The results indicate that the O-Condition had a significantly larger illusory effect than the F-Condition.
It is concluded that the mechanisms underlying the vertical-horizontal illusion and the figural after-effect must be assumed to be different.