Conclusion: dividing the populist radical right between ‘liberal nativism’ and traditional conceptions of gender

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Notes

¹ Cas Mudde, Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2007).

² Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, ‘Vox populi or vox masculini? Populism and gender in North Europe and South America’

³ Sarah L. de Lange and Liza Mügge, ‘Gender and right-wing populism in the Low Countries: ideological variations across parties and time’.

⁴ Tjitske Akkerman, ‘Gender and the radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis of policy agendas’.

⁵ Niels Spierings and Andrej Zaslove, ‘Gendering the vote for populist radical-right parties’.

⁶ Eelco Harteveld, Wouter van der Brug, Stefan Dahlberg and Andrej Kokkonen, ‘The gender gap in populist radical-right voting: examining the demand side in Western and Eastern Europe’.

⁷ See Stijn van Kessel, Populist Parties in Europe: Agents of Discontent? (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2015).

⁸ Susi Meret, ‘Charismatic female leadership and gender: Pia Kjærsgaard and the Danish People's Party’.

⁹ See Mudde and Kaltwasser, ‘Vox populi or vox masculini?’.

¹⁰ Renate Bridenthal, Atina Grossmann and Marion Kaplan (eds), When Biology Became Destiny: Women in Weimar and Nazi Germany (New York: Monthly Review Press 1984); Nickie Charles and Helen Hintjes (eds), Gender, Ethnicity and Political Ideologies (London and New York: Routledge 1998); Nira Yuval-Davis, Gender & Nation (London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi: Sage 1997).

¹¹ See ‘PVV de grootste onder homo's’, 9 November 2010, available on the Sargasso website at http://sargasso.nl/pvv-de-grootste-onder-homos (viewed 16 February 2015); and ‘“PVV is de grootste partij onder homo's”’, AD, 9 November 2010.

¹² See, for instance, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Gisèle De Meur, Benoît Rihoux, Charles C. Ragin, ‘Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) as an approach’, in Benoît Rihoux and Charles C. Ragin (eds), Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications 2009), 1–18.

¹³ Nonna Mayer, ‘From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: electoral change on the far right’, Parliamentary Affairs, vol. 66, no. 1, 2013, 160–78.

¹⁴ See Meret, ‘Charismatic female leadership and gender’; and Spierings and Zaslove, ‘Gendering the vote for populist radical-right parties’.

¹⁵ Agnes Akkerman, Cas Mudde and Andrej Zaslove, ‘How populist are the people? Measuring populist attitudes in voters’, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 47, no. 9, 2014, 1324–53. See also Mayer, ‘From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen’.

¹⁶ See Sarah L. de Lange, ‘New alliances: why mainstream parties govern with radical right-wing populist parties’, Political Studies, vol. 60, no. 4, 2012, 899–918.

¹⁷ Cas Mudde, ‘The populist radical right: a pathological normalcy’, West European Politics, vol. 33, no. 6, 2010, 1167–86.

¹⁸ See Spierings and Zaslove, ‘Gendering the vote for populist radical-right parties’.

¹⁹ See the example of the SVP and gay people in Akkerman, ‘Gender and the radical right in Western Europe’.