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Abstract
Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the quaternary systems (water + ethanol + dichloromethane (DCM) or chloroform (CHCl3) + diethyl ether (DEE)) were experimentally investigated at 293.15 K. The thermodynamic consistency of the data was performed using the Othmer–Tobias and Hand plots. The experimental tie-line data were correlated using the non-random, two-liquid (NRTL) model. As a result, the comparison of the extracting capabilities of the mixed solvents with respect to the distribution coefficients and separation factors showed that the (50% DCM +50% DEE) system had a higher separation factor for the (water + ethanol + DCM + DEE) system. On the other hand, the (50% CHCl3 +50% DEE) system had a higher separation factor for the (water + ethanol + CHCl3 + DEE) system. The last solvent (50% CHCl3 +50% DEE) was found to be the best solvent, with a positive synergistic effect on DEE, high separation factor, and very low solubility in water.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Mr Laiadi Djemoui, Mr Merzougui Abedalkarim, Mrs Naili Radia and Mrs Ben Mechich Hayet for technical support.
Nomenclature
List of symbols
| DCM | = | Dichloromethane |
| DEE | = | Diethyl ether |
| CHCl3 | = | Chloroform |
| A | = | NRTL binary interaction parameter |
| a1, b1 | = | Othmer–Tobias equation constants |
| a2, b2 | = | Hand equation constants |
| F | = | Objective function |
| T | = | Temperature |
| w | = | Mass fraction |
| x | = | Mole fraction |
Super/subscripts
| R2 | = | regression coefficient |
| nD | = | refractive index |
| D1 | = | distribution coefficient of water |
| D2 | = | distribution coefficient of ethanol |
| S | = | Separation factor |
| Lit | = | Literature |
| Exp | = | Experimental |
| i, j | = | Components |
| Min | = | Minimal |
| NRTL | = | non-random, two-liquid |
| RMSE | = | root mean square error |
