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Abstract
The very large decline in fertility in the People's Republic of China and the powerful family planning programme associated with it have led to the impression that the phenomenon is uniform across China. This article, based on the One-per-Thousand Fertility Survey of 1982, shows that there is considerable variability among rural production brigades in many aspects of reproductive behaviour in four provinces covering about one-quarter of China's population. The article illustrates for Sichuan and Liaoning very rapid fertility declines at all educational levels, but with the educational level of the production brigade having an effect additional to that of individual education.