Marriage and childbirth as factors in dropping out from school: An analysis of DHS data from sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Leaving school prematurely is often claimed to be among the most negative consequences of early marriage and pregnancy for girls in less developed countries. However, an analysis of the relative frequency with which these events actually occur or are named as reasons for leaving school reveals that, at least in the case of francophone Africa, they explain no more than 20 per cent of dropouts. To the extent that demographic events trump school or family factors as determinants of school-leaving, our data indicate that it is union formation—defined by the DHS as first marriage or cohabitation—rather than childbirth that is more likely to have this effect. ‘Schoolgirl pregnancy’ typically accounts for only between 5 and 10 per cent of girls’ departures from school. Furthermore, the risks of leaving school because of pregnancy or marriage have declined over time with the decline in rates of early marriage and childbearing.

Keywords:

• school exit
• dropout
• schoolgirl pregnancy
• early marriage
• early childbearing
• sub-Saharan Africa

Notes

1. Cynthia B. Lloyd and Barbara S. Mensch are Senior Associates, Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

2. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Los Angeles, 30 March.

3. The authors thank Richard Gregory, Barbara Miller, Monica Grant, and two anonymous reviewers. They also acknowledge generous financial support for this research from the UK Department for International Development and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.