A review of recent Irish population trends

Abstract

Although some significant changes are taking place, Ireland retains its traditional combination of demographic features which in a European context are exceptional and sometimes unique — in particular a declining population. Between 1951-61 emigration rates increased and total population as a result fell more rapidly than earlier in the twentieth century. Although the Irish marriage rate is improving it is nevertheless (especially in rural areas where almost one-half of the population reside) strikingly low and has served to maintain fairly average rates of natural increase despite the exceptionally high fertility of marriage. However, the rate of natural increase is growing but if industrial development is sustained an increase in population may be achieved despite heavy emigration from the agricultural sector of the economy. The sex ratio is improving. Regional variations in population loss are considerable, owing to differences in natural increase rates as well as emigration. Urbanization, especially in western areas, is relatively slight and the population of smaller towns in particular is almost stable.