Abstract
Ovarian failure is the fundamental factor responsible for cessation of menstruation at the menopause. Uterine bleeding usually diminishes gradually over a period of several months. Irregular or increased bleeding may indicate cancer of the cervix or endometrium and should be investigated immediately. Most women have only minor symptoms of emotional origin, which may be controlled by psychotherapy. True climacteric symptoms, such as hot flushes, may be managed with ataraxic drugs or hormones.