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Abstract
Two principal themes are cited as bases for a systems analysis of biology: (1) The biologic organism is an energy transducer; (2) it can receive a signal input and transmit a signal output. The cell, being the central biologic unit, is an appropriate focal point for a biologic analysis. Study of a striated muscle-cell model provided considerable insight into the locus and mode of action of many hormones, vitamins, trace metals, and peroxidase-catalase units. It has been possible to interpret essential avenues for energy release and utilization. A direct outgrowth has been visualization of a proton pathway perhaps as important as the electron transport system. Several predictive aspects have arisen concerning the nature and operation of the “relaxing factor” of muscular activity.