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Abstract
The relationship between the physiopathologic factors involved in heart failure and the manifestations of the disease is not clearly understood. Clinical signs and symptoms are caused by disturbances in electrolyte and water balance.
Speculative theories have been advanced concerning the role in heart failure played by cardiac metabolic disturbances, changes in the molecular structure of actomyosin, excretion of aldosterone, release of antidiuretic hormone, and perversion of the normal mechanisms of both fluid volume and sodium regulation.
Treatment of congestive failure is still chiefly empiric, consisting of careful regulation of sodium and water intake and administration of digitalis and diuretics.