The Thyroid Nodule 1. Diagnosis

Abstract

Thyroid nodules may be palpable or hidden, symptomatic or asymptomatic. The gland itself may be normal or abnormal in structure and function. Local symptoms reflect compression of nerves, larynx, trachea and esophagus. General symptoms are manifestations of inflammation, metabolic alteration, or neoplastic dissemination. Physical examination is the dominant element in diagnosis. Roentgenographs and radioisotopic studies are valuable aids, but distinction between malignant and benign nodules rests ultimately with surgical exploration and histologic examination. Part 2 will consider etiologic and pathophysiologic aspects.