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Abstract
The majority of mongolism is due to trisomy “21,” which is usually caused by a sporadic meiotic disequilibration. A significant percentage of mongoloids born to young women are familial and are caused by a translocation of the mongolism chromosome. The various forms of translocation mongolism for which pedigree data are available are listed, and cytogenetic mechanisms for their occurrence are discussed. Indications for chromosomal analysis of mongoloids and their parents are suggested, and genetic information is provided which will aid the physician in counseling the parents.