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Abstract
The most important consideration in conservative management of chronic renal failure is a search for and correction of any prerenal or postrenal contributory factors. If these are treated properly, renal function often improves. Proper regulation of sodium and water balance is a prime concern. For end-stage renal failure, chronic maintenance hemodialysis is an effective mode of therapy. Renal transplantation offers the patient the greatest hope for return to a normal life but also carries significant risks.