Ascites: Pathogenesis and Treatment

Abstract

Cirrhotic ascites results when local transperitoneal Starling forces, chiefly hydrostatic and protein oncotic pressures, are disturbed. In addition, fluid retention occurs invariably; total body sodium and water content is increased. Treatment is directed at removing abnormal fluid accumulation by dietary and pharmacologic means. The specific approach should be individualized; care must be taken to prevent diuretic-induced complications such as electrolyte imbalance and hypovolemia.