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Gastroesophageal reflux is a common disorder, as indicated by the number of people complaining of its most common symptom—heartburn. In this article, Drs Cohen and Merlo review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this entity, with special attention given to the use of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine (Tagamet) and ranitidine (Zantac). The authors summarize controlled trials that have proven the efficacy of these drugs in relieving daytime and nighttime symptoms, reducing antacid consumption, and promoting healing.