Testing for human immunodeficiency virus

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Testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), can be confusing for both patient and physician. Drs Henry, Thurn, and Anderson describe several tests that have different sensitivities, specificities, and implications and discuss some of the complex ethical and legal issues involved in testing for HIV. The authors also point out the necessity for awareness of the serious implications of a positive HIV test result for the future health of the patient.