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During the past decade, researchers have achieved a better understanding of the underlying pathologic mechanisms of asthma, and new therapies have been made widely available. In spite of this, there has been a paradoxical rise of morbidity and mortality in patients with asthma. The recognition of asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease and the documentation of worldwide deterioration in its control have prompted a reevaluation of current management strategies, described by Dr Busse in this article.