Vaccination Serology Status and Cardiovascular Mortality: Insight from NHANES III and Continuous NHANES

Abstract

Objective. Prior studies have described a negative relationship between influenza vaccination and recurrence of cardiovascular (CV) events. However, due to lack of any prior studies, we evaluated and attempted to define the relationship between non-influenza vaccines and CV mortality. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III-1988–1994, n = 19,215) and Continuous NHANES (1999–2004, n > 17,000), which includes oral surveys and general examination. It was designed to assess the demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and overall health status of a nationally representative sample in non-institutionalized patients from all 50 states in the USA. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to calculate the hazard ratio of CV mortality, and multivariate models were built for the individual seropositive vaccination titers as well as after creating a combined vaccination variable. Results. A total of >35,000 subjects (>18 years old) have been identified for analysis. Multivariate analysis from NHANES III and continuous NHANES did not show any influence of individual seroprotective titers of routine vaccinations on CV mortality. The combined effect of vaccination in NHANES III data did not show any protective effect of three or more positive vaccination titers (odds ratio = 0.94, p = 0.6) or all four positive vaccination titers (odds ratio = 0.93, p = 0.6) with two or less positive vaccination titers as the referent group. Conclusion. Effect on non-influenza vaccinations in preventing CV mortality seems to be unclear.

Keywords:

• Cardiovascular mortality
• hospitalization
• mortality
• vaccination

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

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