Safety of buprenorphine transdermal system in the management of pain in older adults

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To evaluate whether buprenorphine transdermal system (BTDS; Butrans®) is an option for the treatment of chronic pain in older adults.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of 16 placebo- and active-controlled and uncontrolled studies (N = 6566) evaluated the safety and tolerability profile in patients exposed to BTDS and compared the safety profiles associated with BTDS treatment in older patients ≥ 65 years of age (65 to 98 years) and younger patients < 65 years of age (18 to 64 years). Safety analyses included adverse events (AEs), laboratory values, and electrocardiograms.

Results: Overall, the incidence of AEs was similar in the ≥ 65 year patient cohort (N = 1715) and the < 65 year patient cohort (N = 4843) (63.8% and 61.0%, respectively). The older patient cohort experienced more constipation, peripheral edema, and urinary tract infection, but fewer application-site AEs (eg, erythema, irritation, pruritus, rash) and headaches. A statistically significant treatment-by-age interaction was observed for fall, arthralgia, and localized and non-application site-related rash, suggesting a differential increase in the risk of these events among older patients treated with BTDS that cannot be explained by age or treatment alone. A similar trend was observed for accidents and injuries, and for falls, in patients treated with both BTDS and active controls (oxycodone/acetaminophen [OXY/APAP] and hydrocodone/acetaminophen [HCD/APAP]), suggesting an opioid class effect. However, due to small sample sizes of the active control groups, a statistical test of treatment-by-age interaction could not be conducted for the active controls. The incidences of serious AEs and of clinically significant increases in liver enzymes, such as AST, ALT and bilirubin were small, regardless of age.

Conclusion: BTDS appears to be a viable option for the management of pain in older adults, but the benefits need to be tempered by potential risks among older adults.

KEYWORDS:

• Buprenorphine
• BTDS
• pain management in older adults
• elderly
• controlled and uncontrolled trials
• 7-day transdermal formulation
• geriatric pain medicine
• opioid

Acknowledgments

The authors were involved in the study design and data collection. The authors participated in the data analysis, data interpretation, and the writing of the article. The authors had full access to all data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

Declaration of interest

J Pergolizzi is a consultant for Purdue Pharma L.P., Mundipharma, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Grunenthal and Adapt. RB Raffa is a speaker, consultant and basic science investigator for several pharmaceutical companies. Z Marcum is a consultant for Purdue Pharma L.P. S Ripa and S Colucci are full-time employees of Purdue Pharma L.P. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Additional information

Funding

Purdue Pharma L.P. sponsored and funded this research.