An alternative approach to solving the opioid epidemic: is there a role for non-pharmacologic analgesic therapies?

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Acknowledgments

None reported.

Declaration of interest

P White has received research grants and consulting fees from pharmaceutical companies (e.g., Merck, Pfizer, Astra-Zeneca, Pacira) which manufacturer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local anesthetics. P White is a consultant for Neumentum, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA) which is developing a novel ketorolac drug delivery system, and a consultant for Amphastar Pharmaceuticals (Rancho Cucamunga, CA) which manufacturers the generic opioid-reversal drug naloxone. P White is also a consultant to Phoenix Thera-lase Systems, Inc. (Dallas, TX) which manufactures a high-intensity laser for acute and chronic pain therapy. PGM peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This editorial was invited and not funded; however, P White is supported by White Mountain Institute, a private not-for-profit foundation.