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Articles

The Geography of Corporate Directors: Personal Backgrounds, Firm and Regional Success

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Pages 586-601 | Received 01 Nov 2010, Accepted 01 May 2011, Published online: 20 Oct 2011
 

Abstract

It has become commonplace for economic geographers to employ firm-level data in their assessments of competitiveness. Much less attention has been paid to individuals, the actual acquirers of knowledge relating to competitiveness, who then convey their know-how to the firm. This article addresses this limitation by analyzing a specific set of individuals who play a crucial role at the top of the business hierarchy: members of the boards of directors of the largest corporations in the United States. By analyzing where directors were born, where they attended university, and where they live, the intention of this article is to uncover regional groupings of directors that contribute to corporate culture and ultimately influence firm success. We place our results in the context of regional competitiveness with an American case study. Our findings illustrate how northeastern U.S. corporations have historically relied on high-level managers with personal histories in their same region. Given that institutions of the region are embedded in the decision-making process of managers, these firms risk becoming locked into past procedures. As a result, we argue that their ability to adapt is stifled, contributing to a lack of firm and regional success.

Se ha vuelto lugar común entre geógrafos economistas utilizar datos a nivel de firma para sus evaluaciones de la competitividad. Mucha menor atención se le presta a los individuos, los reales adquirientes del conocimiento relacionado con competitividad, quienes luego entregan su know-how a la firma. Este artículo trata sobre esta limitación analizando un conjunto específico de individuos que juegan un papel crucial en la cima de la jerarquía de los negocios: los miembros de las juntas directivas de las más grandes compañías de los Estados Unidos. Analizando el lugar de origen de estos directivos, dónde asistieron a la universidad y dónde viven ahora, la intención del artículo es identificar agrupaciones regionales de directivos que contribuyen a la cultura corporativa y en últimas influyen sobre el éxito de la firma. Colocamos nuestros resultados en el contexto de la competitividad regional con un estudio de caso americano. Nuestros descubrimientos ilustran cómo las compañías del nordeste de EE.UU. históricamente han confiado en administradores de alto nivel cuyas historias personales están inscritas en la propia región. Considerando que las instituciones de la región están inmersas en el proceso de toma de decisiones de los administradores, estas firmas arriesgan quedar encerradas en procedimientos pretéritos. Como resultado, argüimos que su habilidad de adaptación queda deprimida, contribuyendo a la falta de éxito tanto de la firma como de la región.

Notes

1. For a more extensive review of the institutional approach and evolutionary economic geography, see Martin (Citation2002) as well as Boschma and Frenken (Citation2006).

2. It would, of course, be better if all of these data completion rates were higher, but there is no reason to believe that the directors for whom personal information is available are different as a group from those who have not provided their information.

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