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Articles

Changing Effects of Job Accessibility on Employment and Commute: A Case Study of Los Angeles

Pages 154-165 | Received 01 Dec 2012, Accepted 01 Jun 2013, Published online: 19 Mar 2014
 

Abstract

Accessibility has become a key indicator to evaluate performance of transportation plans and policies. Nevertheless, empirical evidence of the effects of accessibility is inconclusive. The mixed results raise questions about the significance of space and require examining the constancy of job accessibility's effects over time. This research investigates the effects on worker-to-population ratios and commute time between 1990 and 2007–2011 in the Los Angeles metropolitan area using spatial regression models and interactive dummy variables. The results show that higher job accessibility is significantly associated with shorter commute time, and the association between job accessibility and worker-to-population ratios is weak and even insignificant. Moreover, the effects of job accessibility did not significantly change between 1990 and 2007–2011 but fluctuated in between.

可及性已成为评估运输计画及政策绩效的重要指标, 但有关可及性效益的经验证据却仍无定论。混合的后果, 对于空间显着性提出质疑, 并需要检视工作可及性的影响随着时间推移的持续性。本研究运用空间回规模型与互动式虚拟变项, 探究洛杉矶大都会地区 1990 年以及 2007 至 2011 年期间, 可及性对劳工之于人口比例与通勤时间的影响。研究结果显示, 较高的工作可及性, 与较短的通勤时间显着相关, 而与劳工之于人口比例的关係较弱, 甚至并不显着。此外, 工作可及性的影响, 在 1990 年与 2007 至 2011 年间并未显着改变, 但却于其间产生波动。

La accesibilidad se ha convertido en un indicador clave para evaluar el desempeño de planes y políticas relacionados con el transporte. No obstante, la evidencia empírica de los efectos de la accesibilidad no es concluyente. Los resultados mezclados inducen a cuestionar la significación que al respecto pueda tener el espacio y demandan que se examine la constancia de los efectos de la accesibilidad sobre el empleo a través del tiempo. La presente investigación explora los efectos sobre los ratios trabajador/población y sobre el tiempo empleado en el viaje pendular para el lapso 1990 a 2007–2011 en el área metropolitana de Los Ángeles, por medio de modelos de regresión espacial y variables ficticias interactivas. Los resultados indican que una mayor accesibilidad al empleo está asociada significativamente con tiempo empleado en el viaje pendular más corto, y que la asociación entre accesibilidad al empleo y los ratios trabajador/población es débil e incluso insignificante. Aún más, se estableció que los efectos de accesibilidad al empleo no cambiaron significativamente entre 1990 y 2007-2011 sino que apenas fluctuaron.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Lingqian Hu

LINGQIAN HU is an Assistant Professor of Urban Planning at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests are in transportation planning and policies.

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