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Notes
1. Laura J. Gurak, Persuasion and Privacy in Cyberspace: The Online Protests over Lotus MarketPlace and the Clipper Chip (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997); Barbara Warnick, Critical Literacy in a Digital Era: Technology, Rhetoric, and the Public Interest (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002); Kathleen E. Welch, Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism, and a New Literacy, Digital Communication (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999); Carolyn R. Miller, “Writing in a Culture of Simulation: Ethos Online,” in The Semiotics of Writing: Transdisciplinary Perspectives on the Technology of Writing, ed. Patrick Coppock, Semiotic and Cognitive Studies (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2001), 253–79.
2. Andrew Keen, The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet is Killing Our Culture (New York: Doubleday, Currency, 2007), 27; Tim O'Reilly, “What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software,” O'Reilly Media, September 30, 2005, http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=2; Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything (New York: Penguin Group, Portfolio, 2006), 3.
3. Kenneth Burke, The Philosophy of Literary Form: Studies in Symbolic Action, 3rd ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), 111; Kenneth Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969; original work published 1950), 103, 333, 200.
1. Bruno Latour, “Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam? From Matters of Fact to Matters of Concern,” Critical Inquiry 30 (Winter 2004): 227.
2. Roland Barthes, S/Z: An Essay, trans. Richard Miller (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1974), 13.
3. So said Bishop Thomas Sprat, author of The History of the Royal Society, who claimed of scientist-authors:
They have therefore been most rigorous in putting in execution, the only Remedy, that can be found for this extravagance: and that has been, a constant Resolution, to reject all the amplifications, digressions, and swellings of style: to return back to the primitive purity, and shortness, when men deliver'd so many things, almost in an equal number of words. They have exacted from all their members, a close, naked, natural way of speaking; positive expressions; clear senses; a native easiness.
See The History of the Royal Society, ed. Jackson Cope and Harald W. Jones (St. Louis: Washington University Press, 1958; original work published 1667), 112.
4. Alan G. Gross, The Rhetoric of Science (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), 33.
5. Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962), 149.
6. Gross, Rhetoric of Science, 52.
7. Gross, Rhetoric of Science, 5.
8. Leah Ceccarelli, Shaping Science with Rhetoric: The Cases of Dobzhansky, Schrödinger, and Wilson (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).
9. Latour, “Why Has Critique,” 248, 246.