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Original Articles

Canadian Science, Technology and Innovation Policy: The Product of Regional Networking?

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Pages 1129-1141 | Received 01 May 2006, Published online: 12 Dec 2007
 

Abstract

Salazar M. and Holbrook A. (2007) Canadian science, technology and innovation policy: the product of regional networking?, Regional Studies 41, 1129–1141. The structure of federal countries poses challenges to science, technology and innovation (STI) policy-making and regional development not found in centrally governed nations. This paper tests the thesis that Canadian STI policy is highly regionalized in practice because of its networked structure, despite most of the funding coming from the federal government, which formulates most STI policies and programmes. Many of Canada's STI programmes promote the creation of networks. These networks are part of the federal emphasis given to provincial/regional economic development and more recently to industrial cluster promotion.

Salazar M. et Holbrook A. (2007) La politique de STI au Canada: est-ce un produit de la constitution de réseaux régionaux?, Regional Studies 41, 1129–1141. La structure des pays fédéraux présente un challenge à la politique de science, de technologie et d'innovation (STI) et à l'aménagement du territoire, ce qui n'est pas le cas dans les pays centralisés. On cherche à évaluer la thèse sur la forte régionalisation de la politique de STI au Canada en pratique à cause de sa structure en réseau, malgré que la plupart du financement provienne du gouvernement fédéral, qui élabore également des politiques et des programmes. Au Canada, beaucoup des programmes de STI favorisent la création de réseaux. Ces réseaux constituent en partie le point de mire fédéral quant au développement provincial et régional et, plus récemment, pour ce qui est de la promotion des grappes industrielles.

Canada Politique de science de technologic et d'innovotion Réseaux

Salazar M. und Holbrook A. (2007) Politik für Wissenschaft, Technologie und Innovation in Kanada: das Produkt regionaler Netzwerke?, Regional Studies 41, 1129–1141. Die Struktur der Bundesländer stellt die Politik für Wissenschaft, Technologie und Innovation und die Regionalentwicklung vor Herausforderungen, die sich in zentral regierten Nationen nicht ergeben. Wir schlagen eine Überprüfung der These vor, dass die Politik für Wissenschaft, Technologie und Innovation in Kanada in der Praxis aufgrund seiner Netzwerkstruktur hochgradig regionalisiert ist, obwohl der Großteil der Finanzierung durch die Bundesregierung erfolgt, welche auch die Politiken und Programmeme formuliert. Viele der kanadischen Programmeme für Wissenschaft, Technologie und Innovation fördern die Entwicklung von Netzwerken. Diese Netzwerke sind Bestandteil des föderalen Schwerpunkts, den die Wirtschaftsentwicklung in den Provinzen und Regionen und seit einiger Zeit auch die Förderung industrieller Ballungsräume aufweist.

Kanada Politik für Wissenschaft, Technologie und Innovation Netzwerke

Salazar M. y Holbrook A. (2007) La política de ciencia, tecnología e innovación de Canadá: ¿es producto de redes regionales?, Regional Studies 41, 1129–1141. La estructura de los países federales presenta retos para la formulación de política en ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTI), y para el desarrollo regional, no encontrados en naciones con gobiernos centralizados. En este artículo ponemos a preuba la tesis de que la política canadiense en CTI es altamente regionalizada en la práctica, por su estructura en red, a pesar de que la mayor parte del financimiento proviene del gobierno federal, quien también formula las políticas y programas. Muchos de los programas canadienses en CTI promueven la creación de redes. Estas redes son parte del énfasis federal asignado al desarrollo económico provincial/regional y, más recientemente, a la promoción de clusters industriales.

Canadá Política de ciencia, tecnología e innovación Redes

Notes

1. See http://www.utoronto.ca/isrn for a description of this research network, which has been funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the National Research Council, and other funding sources, both federal and provincial. Results of the programme have been published in Holbrook and Wolfe (Citation2000, Citation2002); Wolfe Citation(2003); and Wolfe and Lucas (Citation2004, Citation2005).

2. Quoted by Hanf and O'Toole Citation(2003).

3. Telesat, although privately owned today, was a public–private partnership created to launch the domestic satellite telecommunication system in Canada.

4. As stated in the CIHR web page: ‘A major source of discovery, health research fuels economic growth and has played a major role in propelling Canada to number two in the world in the field of biotechnology.’

5. At present most OECD countries have programmes that support virtual networking. For instance, Australia explicitly ‘copied’ the NCE model.

6. CIHR defines knowledge translation as the exchange, synthesis and ethically sound application of research findings within a complex set of interactions among researchers and knowledge users. In other words, knowledge translation can be seen as an acceleration of the knowledge cycle; an acceleration of the natural transformation of knowledge into use.

7. Composed by the network's principal investigators and representatives from industry and universities' administration.

8. For a complete list of NCE and contact information see http://www.nce.gc.ca/nets_e.htm/.

9. Highly qualified people are defined as trainees and research staff, such as graduate students, research associates, technicians and summer students.

10. By the end of 2005 a sixth Genome Centre was created in Alberta.

11. This case includes Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.

12. See a complete list at: http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/9466.html/.

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