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Does embeddedness in clusters enhance firm survival and growth? An establishment-level analysis using CORIS data

Pages 563-574 | Received 19 Feb 2014, Published online: 08 Jan 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Does embeddedness in clusters enhance firm survival and growth? An establishment-level analysis using CORIS data. Regional Studies. The effects of clusters on firm survival and firm growth are the basis of an extensive literature that has produced mixed evidence. In this paper an analysis is performed by using an evaluation design based on a control group approach. This is possible by exploiting a database that connects an establishment-reported indicator for embeddedness in clusters with highly reliable longitudinal establishment data. Survival analysis (2001–10) shows that openness towards what the regional value-added chains can offer reduces failure risk by roughly one-third. In addition, embeddedness in clusters has raised 10-year growth of establishments by 16.6% on average.

摘要

集群中的镶嵌是否能增进企业的生存与成长?运用CORIS数据的创业层级分析. 区域研究。集群对企业生存和企业成长的效应,是提出混合证据的广泛文献之基础。本文运用根据控制组的方法之评估设计来执行一项分析。本研究能够这麽做,是因为使用一个连结集群中的镶嵌的创业回报指标,以及高度可信的综贯创业数据之数据集。生存分析(2001 年至 2010 年)显示,对于区域增值链能够提供的事物之开放性,减少了大约三分之一的失败风险。此外,集群中的镶嵌,平均增加了创业十年成长的百分之十六点六。

RÉSUMÉ

L'intégration en clusters, est-ce qu'elle améliore la survie et la croissance des entreprises? Une analyse au niveau des établissements à partir des données CORIS. Regional Studies. L'impact des clusters sur la survie et la croissance des entreprises constitue la base d'une documentation très riche dont les résultats se sont avérés très mitigés. Dans cet article on fait une analyse à partir d'une évaluation qui emploie un groupe témoin. On le fait en employant une base de données qui relie un indicateur auprès des établissements de l'intégration en clusters à des données longitudinales très fiables sur les établissements. L'analyse de la survie (de 2001 à 2010) montre que l'ouverture en ce qui concerne ce que peuvent offrir les chaînes de valeur ajoutée régionales réduit le risque d’échec d'un tiers à peu près. En plus, l'intégration en clusters a augmenté la croissance des établissements de 16,6% en moyenne sur une période de 10 ans.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Verbessern sich durch eine Einbettung in Clustern das Überleben und Wachstum von Firmen? Eine Analyse auf Betriebsebene mithilfe von CORIS-Daten. Regional Studies. Die Auswirkungen von Clustern auf das Überleben und Wachstum von Firmen sind das Thema zahlreicher Beiträge, die unterschiedliche Belege hervorgebracht haben. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Analyse unter Nutzung eines Bewertungsmodells auf der Grundlage eines Kontrollgruppenansatzes durchgeführt. Möglich wird dies durch die Nutzung einer Datenbank, die einen von den Betrieben gemeldeten Indikator für die Einbettung in Clustern mit hochgradig zuverlässigen longitudinalen Betriebsdaten kombiniert. Aus einer Überlebensanalyse (2001–2010) geht hervor, dass eine Offenheit gegenüber den potenziellen Angeboten von regionalen Wertschöpfungsketten das Risiko eines Scheiterns um ca. ein Drittel verringert. Darüber hinaus hat sich das zehnjährige Wachstum der Betriebe durch die Einbettung in Clustern um durchschnittlich 16,6% verstärkt.

RESUMEN

¿Aumentan la supervivencia y el crecimiento de las empresas gracias a la integración en aglomeraciones? Análisis a nivel de empresas mediante datos CORIS. Regional Studies. Los efectos de las aglomeraciones en la supervivencia y el crecimiento de las empresas son el tema de una amplia bibliografía que ha producido evidencias diferentes. En este artículo se realiza un análisis mediante un diseño de evaluación basado en un enfoque con grupo de control. Esto es posible al analizar una base de datos que conecta un indicador informado de empresas para la integración en aglomeraciones con datos longitudinales altamente fiables sobre las empresas. El análisis de supervivencia (2001–2010) muestra que una apertura hacia la posible oferta de cadenas regionales de valor añadido reduce el riesgo de fracasos en aproximadamente un tercio. Además, la integración en aglomeraciones ha aumentado el crecimiento de las empresas durante 10 años en un 16,6% de promedio.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Comments and suggestions by the Associate Editor Tomasz Mickiewicz and two anonymous referees greatly improved the manuscript and strengthened the contribution of this paper. The author greatly appreciated the most helpful comments made by Joachim Möller and Uwe Blien, as well as those of the participants of the North American Regional Science Council (NARSC) conference 2013. The author also thanks several colleagues from the IAB Institute for Employment Research for their very valuable support: Johannes Schäffler for his provision of the ReLOC record linkage algorithm; Ursula Jaenichen, Gerhard Krug, Florian Lehmer and Johannes Ludsteck for checking the empirical methods and giving great assistance; Klara Kaufmann for providing the map; Doris Baumann for preparing Table A1 in Appendix A in the supplemental data online; and Lutz Eigenhüller and Stefan Fuchs for joint work on CORIS. All remaining errors are the author’s own.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at 10.1080/00343404.2015.1115009

Notes

1. Of the 1514 cluster-participating establishments, 1176 could be identified, the rest being small ones with no employee liable for social security and thus not included in the BHP.

2. Only the squared term for size, analysed separately in a model with the respective covariate and its squared form only, is highly significant. Hence, it is included in model 3. Terms of higher order were also checked, but are insignificant.

3. The likelihood ratio test for the two nested models 2 and 3 shows that model 3 fits significantly better.

4. The advantage of this measure in contrast to the conventional growth rate is the range of values between +2.0 and −2.0 (instead of +∞ and −1.0) creating symmetry around zero (Davis, Haltiwanger, & Schuh, Citation1996, p. 190). This eases interpretation, as positive and negative growth are constructed equally.

 

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