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ABSTRACT
The dynamics of local upgrading in globalizing latecomer regions: a geographical analysis. Regional Studies. By noting the spatial-less nature of the mainstream studies of industrial upgrading, this paper theorizes how local upgrading is affected by geographical heterogeneity at different scales in relation to three spatial factors: location, regional conditions and global competitive dynamics. In doing so, it argues that local firms can take advantage of these factors to access more resources for industrial upgrading instead of choosing from the limited options offered by previous studies such as state intervention or indigenous innovation. Three cases in the Pearl River Delta in China are presented to illustrate these local dynamics.
摘要
全球后进区域中的本土产业升级动态：一种地理学的解析. Regional Studies。本文发现当前产业升级的主流研究缺乏对空间性的探讨，并以此为出发，对后进地区本土产业升级的动态机制进行理论化，指出地理空间异质性主要通过三个空间要素影响产业升级过程，这些空间要素分别是：区位、区域条件和全球竞争动态。本文认为本土企业可以利用这些空间要素获得更多的产业升级资源，而这些资源是传统关注国家干预或内生创新的研究所未能揭示的。本文透过中国珠江三角洲的三个案例，阐释这种本土产业升级的动态。
RÉSUMÉ
La dynamique de la revalorisation à l’échelle locale dans les régions retardataires à l'heure de la mondialisation: une analyse géographique. Regional Studies. Partant du constat que les études conventionnelles au sujet de la revalorisation industrielle sont à caractère non-spatial, cet article cherche à expliquer comment la revalorisation à l’échelle locale est touchée par l'hétérogénéité géographique à différents niveaux par rapport à trois facteurs spatiaux: l'emplacement, le milieu régional et la dynamique concurrentielle mondiale. De ce fait, on affirme que les entreprises locales peuvent profiter de ces facteurs-là afin d'accéder à d'avantage de ressources nécessaires à la revalorisation industrielle au lieu d'avoir à choisir parmi les options limitées proposées dans les études précédentes, telles l'intervention de l’État ou bien l'innovation autochtone. Pour illustrer ces dynamiques locales, on présente ici trois études de cas qui proviennent du delta de la rivière des Perles.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Liu Y. Dynamik der lokalen Modernisierung bei der Globalisierung von Nachzüglerregionen: eine geografische Analyse. Regional Studies. Durch ein Aufzeigen der raumlosen Beschaffenheit der einschlägigen Studien über industrielle Modernisierung wird in diesem Beitrag auf theoretischer Ebene untersucht, wie eine lokale Modernisierung durch geografische Heterogenität in verschiedenen Maßstäben hinsichtlich drei räumlicher Faktoren beeinflusst wird: Standort, regionaler Bedingungen und globaler Wettbewerbsdynamik. Hierbei wird argumentiert, dass lokale Firmen diese Faktoren dazu nutzen können, auf zusätzliche Ressourcen für industrielle Modernisierung zuzugreifen, statt unter den begrenzten von früheren Studien angebotenen Optionen zu wählen, wie zum Beispiel staatliche Intervention oder einheimische Innovation. Zur Illustration dieser lokalen Dynamik werden drei Fallbeispiele aus dem Perlflussdelta in China vorgestellt.
RESUMEN
Dinámicas de la modernización local en la globalización de regiones rezagadas: un análisis geográfico. Regional Studies. Al tener en cuenta la naturaleza sin espacio de los estudios generales sobre la modernización industrial, en este artículo se teoriza cómo la modernización local se ve afectada por la heterogeneidad geográfica a diferentes escalas con relación a tres factores espaciales: ubicación, condiciones regionales y dinámicas competitivas a nivel global. De este modo, se argumenta que las empresas locales pueden sacar provecho de estos factores para acceder a más recursos en la modernización industrial en vez de elegir entre las opciones limitadas ofrecidas por estudios previos, tales como la intervención estatal o la innovación autóctona. Para ilustrar estas dinámicas locales se muestran tres casos del delta del río de las Perlas en China.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author thanks Henry Yeung, Jun Zhang and Rui Chen, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful advice on earlier drafts of this paper. The author also thanks Godfrey Yeung, Xun Li and all interviewees for their kind support during the fieldwork.
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at http://10.1080/00343404.2016.1143924
Notes
1. The basic types of value chains are buyer- and producer-driven chains (Gereffi, Citation1999). These types were extended into a fivefold typology of market, modular, relational, captive and hierarchy governance by Gereffi et al. (Citation2005), in which the control of lead firms over suppliers increases gradually.
2. The triple-L framework suggests latecomer firms focus on advantages that can be acquired externally. Hence, they are proactively to link with and learn from transnational corporations and to leverage these available resources.
3. Within the EPEs, foreign investors were fully in charge of manufacturing and marketing. With least entry barrier, the local partner only provided basic non-production resources including land and workshops.
4. Data and information for this paragraph are drawn from multiple interviews with local entrepreneurs and officials in Dongguan, September 2010.
5. The data are drawn from interviews with the vice-chairman of the GAIA in Guangzhou, 31 May 2010.
6. National famous trademarks are authorized by the China State Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Firms with this certificate enjoy superior privileges in terms of institutional support, particularly for intellectual property right protection.
7. Data are drawn from an interview with the chairman of the Humen Apparel Industrial Association in Dongguan, 9 July 2010, and from the official website of the town of Humen (see http://www.humen.gov.cn/).
8. This was stated by the former vice-deputy of the Economic and Trading Bureau of Shunde, who was director of the Guangdong Industrial Design Centre at the time of the interview in Shunde, 12 December 2012.
9. The source was a news report about exports and public research in Shunde (China Quality Inspection Net, Citation2012).
10. Data are drawn from interviews with the director of the Shunde Research Institute for the home appliance industry, 4 April 2013 and 3 March 2015.
11. The national directive, termed State Guidance of Car Price and Product, was first established in 1984 and was revised as a set of industrial policies in 1994.
