31
Views
78
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

THE ECOLOGY OF PATELLA LINNAEUS FROM THE CAPE PENINSULA, SOUTH AFRICA. 2. REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES.

Pages 111-160 | Published online: 08 Apr 2010
 

Summary

The gonad structure and cycles of seven Patella spp. are described. Most spawn once a year. P. cochlear, P. argenvillei, P. barbara, P. granatina and P. granularis are autumn to winter breeders spawning in May-June. P. oculus spawns in September and P. longicosta in October-November. Partial spawning was recorded for P. cochlear, prior to the attainment of maximum maturity. In P. oculus a false spawning of a small percentage of females occurred in May and biannual spawning is possible.

Spawning time is related to distribution. Autumn and winter breeders occur on the cold west coast and may also occur on the warmer coasts. Spring and summer breeders are restricted to warm waters. The role of sea temperatures in limiting larval dispersal is discussed.

Gonad maturation is related to decreasing temperatures, but spawning may be stimulated by a different factor.

The output of eggs in all species was in the region of 500 x 103 eggs per gram of ovary. With the exception of P. granatina and P. oculus, the weight of gamete output was greater in males. Males were also numerically predominant in all species except P. barbara, and the sex ratio may be correlated with the mean density of populations. The mean size of males is less than females, and they mature sexually at a smaller size. This may be because more energy is channelled into gonad growth in the males, at the expense of somatic growth. High gamete output occurs in species with high growth-rates and low generation time.

P. oculus is the only South African species displaying protandric hermaphroditism.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.