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Original Article

A comparative in vitro study of amphotericin B, clotrimazole and 5-fluorocytosine against clinically isolated yeasts

Pages 276-283 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin B, clotrimazole and 5-fluorocytosine have been determined against 413 yeast strains isolated from clinical material. All 343 strains of Candida albicans were inhibited by 4 μg/ml of amphotericin B and by 16 μg/ml of clotrimazole, while 40 (11·7%) were resistant (MIC≥ 50 μg/ml) to 5-fluorocytosine. The 53 strains of Torulopsis glabrata were more sensitive to amphotericin B and less sensitive to clotrimazole than were the C. albicans strains, and 14 (24%) were resistant to 5-fluorocytosine. At concentrations of the drugs attainable in vivo (2–3, 3 and 100 μg/ml respectively), 83·4%, 16·7% and 89% of all the strains isolated would be inhibited by amphotericin B, clotrimazole and 5-fluorocytosine. From these in vitro results, it is possible that 5-fluorocytosine may show greater activity in vivo than clotrimazole against yeasts responsible for candidiasis in humans.

Résumé

Les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (C.M.I.) de l'amphotéricine B, du clotrimazole et de la 5-fluorocytosine, ont été déterminées sur 413 souches de levures isolées de matériel clinique. Toutes les 343 souches de Candida albicans ont été inhibées par 4 μg/ml d'amphotéricine B, par 16 μg/ml de clotrimazole, tandis que 40 (11,7%) étaient résistantes (C.M.I. ≥ 50 μg/ml) á la 5-fluorocytosine. Les 53 souches de Torulopsis glabrata étaient plus sensibles á l'amphotéricine B que les souches de C. albicans et 14 (24%) étaient résistantes á la 5-fluorocytosine. Aux concentrations obtenues in vivo avec ces produits (3;3 et 100 μg/ml respectivement), 83,4%, 16,7% et 89% des souches isolées peuvent être inhibées par l'amphotéricine B, le clotrimazole et la 5-fluorocytosine.

De nos résultats, il apparaît que la 5-fluorocytosine pourrait être plus utile que le clotrimazole pour remplacer l'amphotéricine B dans le traitement des candidoses généralisées.

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