Identifying sources and estimating glandular output of salivary TIMP‐1

L. Holten‐Andersen Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology & Anatomy, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Section of Biomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

S. Beier Jensen Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology & Anatomy, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark

A. Bardow Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology & Anatomy, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark

J. Harslund Section of Biomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

M. Thaysen‐Andersen Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark

U. Lademann Section of Biomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

P. Autzen Usher Section of Biomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

H. Offenberg Section of Biomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

P. Højrup Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark

J. Reibel Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology & Anatomy, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark

H. J. Nielsen Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

N. Brünner Section of Biomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

B. Nauntofte Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology & Anatomy, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark

show all

Abstract

Objective. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1) has been identified as a potential biomarker in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Since TIMP‐1 resides in most tissues and bodily fluids, we evaluated the potential of using saliva to obtain reproducible TIMP‐1 measurements in a non‐invasive manner. Material and methods. Samples of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva and saliva collected from individual glands were analysed for TIMP‐1 content. A TIMP‐1 ELISA was validated for use in saliva testing and the most optimal sampling and handling procedures for reproducible measurements identified. Western blotting and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry were used for confirmatory analyses. Results. The TIMP‐1 ELISA was found suitable for saliva measurements. All saliva secretions contained TIMP‐1, but in different concentrations ranging from 2.81 ng/mL in submandibular/sublingual saliva to 173.88 ng/mL in parotid saliva. TIMP‐1 concentrations were influenced to a varying degree by fluctuations in flow. We found the lowest output in submandibular/sublingual saliva stimulated with 0.5 % citric acid (3.56 ng/min) and highest output in chewing‐stimulated whole saliva (267.01 ng/min). Conclusion. This study shows that saliva contains authentic TIMP‐1, the concentration of which was found to depend on gland type and salivary flow. Stimulated whole saliva is suggested as a reliable and easily accessible source for TIMP‐1 determinations in bodily fluids.

Keywords

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by The Kornerup Fund, The Aase and Ejnar Danielsen Fund, The Danish Cancer Society, The IMK Foundation, The Danish Medical Research Counsel, Familien Hede Nielsens Fund, The Danish Cancer Research Foundation, Ib Henriksens Foundation, Kathrine og Vigo Skovgaard Foundation, Redaktør Kaaresens Foundation, and The Obel Family Foundation. HJN is Danish Cancer Society Professor of Surgical Oncology.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Identifying sources and estimating glandular output of salivary TIMP‐1

Information for

Open access

Opportunities

Help and information

Identifying sources and estimating glandular output of salivary TIMP‐1

Abstract

Acknowledgements

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Related research

To cite this article:

Download citation

Information for

Open access

Opportunities

Help and information

Keep up to date

Your download is now in progress and you may close this window

Login or register to access this feature