Further evidence for a continuous flux of bile acids into the brain: trapping of bile acids in subdural hematomas

Abstract

Bile acids are known to pass the blood–brain barrier and are present at low concentrations in the brain. In a previous work, it was shown that subdural hematomas are enriched with bile acids and that the levels in such hematomas are higher than in the peripheral circulation. The mechanism behind this enrichment was never elucidated. Bile acids have a high affinity to albumin, and subdural hematomas contain almost as high albumin levels as the peripheral circulation. A subdural hematoma is encapsulated by fibrin which may allow passage of small molecules like bile acids. We hypothesized that bile acids originating from the circulation may be ‘trapped’ in the albumin in subdural hematomas. In the present work, we measured the conjugated and unconjugated primary bile acids cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in subdural hematomas and in peripheral circulation of 24 patients. In most patients, the levels of both conjugated and free bile acids were higher in the hematomas than in the circulation, but the enrichment of unconjugated bile acids was markedly higher than that of conjugated bile acids. In patients with a known time interval between the primary bleeding and the operation, there was a correlation between this time period and the accumulation of bile acids. This relation was most obvious for unconjugated bile acids. The results are consistent with a continuous flux of bile acids, in particular unconjugated bile acids, across the blood–brain barrier. We discuss the possible physiological importance of bile acid accumulation in subdural hematomas.

Keywords:

• Bile acids and salts
• brain
• subdural hematoma
• blood–brain barrier
• albumins
• mass spectrometry

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Stockholm County (ALF) and Gamla Tjänarinnor.