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Abstract
A masked randomized clinical trial was conducted in 93 neonates who received the first bath with chlorhexidine (experimental) (n=44) or neutral liquid soap (control) (n=49). Three samples were collected for culture from the neonates’ right axilla skin before bath, 30 min and 24 h after bath. Immediately before bath, Staphylococcus aureus colonization prevalence was 10.2% (n=5) in control and 4.5% (n=2) in the experimental group (p=0.74). 30 min after bath, S. aureus prevalence was 20.4% (n=10) in control and 2.3% (n=1) in the experimental group (p=0.017). 24 h after bath, S. aureus prevalence was 36.7% (n=18) in control and 13.6% (n=6) in the experimental group (p=0.021). There was no occurrence of sepsis in the first month in both groups. In conclusion, a first bath with chlorhexidine reduced S. aureus colonization on the newborn's skin in a 24-h period.