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Abstract
Objective: It is well known that all renal stones are associated with a high recurrence rate. The aim of this paper is to study the different types of renal calculi recurrence.
Material and Methods: The study included 220 patients who had produced two or more renal calculi over a period of <5 years (total 634 calculi). The procedure used to study renal calculi involved appropriate combinations of stereoscopic microscopy with infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy coupled with X‐ray microanalysis.
Results and Conclusion: Recurrent stone‐formers can be classified into two large groups: those who always produce the same type of calculus (the most common type of recurrence was calcium oxalate dihydrate, followed by calcium oxalate monohydrate non‐papillary and calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary calculi); and those who produce different types of renal calculi (the most frequent recurrences in this group were the changes calcium oxalate dihydrate → calcium oxalate dihydrate/hydroxyapatite and calcium oxalate monohydrate → calcium oxalate dihydrate).