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Original Articles

Quantifying the gap between the actual incidence of leaf-mining or leaf-galling insects and the proportion of host-leaves potentially acceptable by them

Pages 216-224 | Accepted 15 Dec 2011, Published online: 31 May 2013
 

Abstract

The impact of phyto-endophagous insects on their host-plants is restricted, at first, by the plants own defences, which more or less limit the proportion of host-leaves potentially acceptable by egg-laying mothers in view of the future successful development of the brood. But, due to the supplementary contributions of top-down and horizontal regulations, the actual incidence of endophagous insects (especially leaf-miners and leaf-gallers) among leaves is likely being still (quite) lower than the proportion of potentially acceptable host-leaves. But, more precisely, how large and how variable is the gap between the proportion of potentially acceptable resource and the fraction actually exploited, i.e. the actual incidence of the insect? While the topic has been treated within a few particular couples herbivore-host, we still lack of a larger overview of the subject, at the scale of a reasonably representative set of members of the guilds of leaf-miners and leaf-gallers. We address the issue, taking advantage of a specifically designed procedure that allows the convenient and quick indirect estimate of the proportion of host-leaves potentially acceptable by mothers (a proportion that, otherwise, seems virtually impossible to record directly in the field). Considering a large field survey (115 samples, 22 couples insect/host-plant), the estimated gap between the potentially acceptable resource and the actual incidence reveals on average quite significant, while strongly variable from case to case: indeed, the exploitation ratio of the potentially acceptable resource may, occasionally, be as low as 20% for some gall-inducers and even decrease to less than 10% for some mine-fomers. Accordingly, as expected, the recorded incidence of the insects may not at all serve as a reasonable predicator of the maximum possible incidence that would be authorised by the potential of acceptable host-resource.

Résumé

Quantifier l’écart entre l’incidence réelle des insectes mineurs de feuilles et inducteurs de galles de feuilles et la proportion de feuilles-hôtes potentiellement acceptable par ceuxci. L’impact des insectes endo-phytophages sur leurs plantes-hôtes est en premier lieu restreint par les propres défenses des plantes, lesquelles limitent la part des feuilles potentiellement acceptables par les mères pondeuses, afin d’assurer le bon développement de leur descendance. En raison des contributions supplémentaires propres aux régulations ≪top-down≫ et ≪horizontale≫, l’incidence effective des insectes endo-phytophages (en particulier fonceurs de mines et inducteurs de galles foliaires) est ordinairement bien inférieure à la proportion des feuilles potentiellement acceptables. Mais quelle peut-être l’amplitude de l’écart entre incidence effective et ressource potentiellement acceptable? Bien que le sujet ait à l’occasion été traité pour quelques couples herbivore-hôte, on manque encore d’une vision plus globale de la question, à l’échelle d’un large échantillonnage raisonnablement représentatif des guildes d’insectes responsables de mines ou galles foliaires. La mise en oeuvre d’une méthode spécifiquement dédiée à l’estimation indirecte, mais commode et rapide, des proportions de feuilles potentiellement acceptables par les mères, permet d’aborder efficacement la question posée, sur la base d’un large ensemble de 115 échantillons intéressant 22 couples d’espèces insecte-hôte. Comme prévisible, l’écart entre incidence effective et ressource potentiellement acceptable est en moyenne très appréciable et, au reste, fortement variable d’un cas à l’autre. Ainsi, le taux d’exploitation de la ressource potentielle peut être d’à peine 20% parmi les inducteurs de galles et même inférieure à 10% parmi les fonceurs de mines. Conséquemment, comme attendu, aucune espèce de corrélation, aussi lâche soit-elle, ne peut être établie entre incidence constatée et proportion de ressource-hôte acceptable.

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