Vol. 84 (2013)
No. 2
Original Papers
Influence of cattle or pig manure fertilization on zinc in runoff from sloped vegetable fields
Masahiro KASUYA1, Kenji BANZAI2, Sunao ITAHASHI2, Kaoru ABE2 and Ryoji SUZUKI1
1 Aichi Pref. Agric. Res. Cent., 2 Natl. Inst. Agro–Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 71–79, 2013)
We investigated the runoff of zinc (Zn) from sloped vegetable fields fertilized with cattle or pig manure. The Zn concentration in the soil increased on fertilization with manure, particularly pig manure. Zn was concentrated in silt and clay. The concentration of dissolved Zn in runoff was low and relatively constant, regardless of the rate of runoff or the suspended solids. On the other hand, the concentration of particulate Zn increased as runoff increased and was correlated with the concentration of suspended solids. Heavy downpours strongly influenced the runoff loads of particulate Zn. Total loads of Zn measured during 5 h of 120 mm of rainfall were 77% of the annual Zn loads in the fields without manure, 83% with pig manure, and 90% with cattle manure. The concentration of total Zn in the runoff was higher from vegetable fields fertilized with manure than without manure. However, manure significantly decreased the runoff. Therefore, the addition of manure decreased the Zn runoff load. In a vegetable field fertilized with cattle manure, the annual Zn runoff load was decreased to one-third of that in fields without manure.
Key words: zinc surface runoff, sloped vegetable field, livestock manure, selective erosion.
Iodine and bromine concentrations in agricultural soils of Japan and their controlling factors
Hidekazu YAMADA1, Yumi TANAKA2, Shinri AOKI3, Mai OZAKI4, Ami SHIMOTOMAI3 and Junta YANAI1
1 Grad. Sch. Life Environ. Sci., 2 Fac. Life Environ. Sci., 3 Fac. Agric., 4 Grad. Sch. Agric., Kyoto Pref. Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 80–84, 2013)
To evaluate the concentrations of iodine (I) and bromine (Br) in agricultural soils of Japan and to investigate their controlling factors, we collected 180 soil samples from the surface layer of 96 paddy fields and 84 upland fields. Samples were extracted with tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution for the determination of total I by ICP–MS and with alkali solution for the determination of total Br by the analysis of 2-bromo-3-pentanone by HPLC. The arithmetic means were 7.18 mg for I and 14.7 mg for Br kg −1, and the geometric means were 3.12 mg for I and 7.38 mg for Br kg −1. The total concentrations averaged 12.9 mg for I and 24.0 mg for Br kg −1 in upland soils, but averaged only 2.17 mg for I and 6.43 mg for Br kg −1 in paddy soils. Concentrations of both the compounds had significant positive correlations with total carbon in both soils, suggesting a considerable contribution of organic fractions to their total concentrations. Eh–pH diagrams suggested that the predominant forms of inorganic I were I2 and IO3 − in upland soils and I− in paddy soils and that Br − was the predominant form in both soils. Because I2 and IO3 − can be adsorbed to soil solids and I− and Br− are easily leached from soil, these differences would be responsible, at least partly, for the higher concentrations of I and Br in upland soils than in paddy soils.
Key words: bromine (Br), iodine (I), oxidation–reduction, soil, soil organic matter.
Iodine and bromine concentrations in agricultural soils of Japan in relation to soil type and region
Junta YANAI1, Shinri AOKI2, Mai OZAKI3, Yumi TANAKA4, Ami SHIMOTOMAI2 and Hidekazu YAMADA1
1 Grad. Sch. Life Environ. Sci., 2 Fac. Agric., 3 Grad. Sch. Agric., 4 Fac. Life Environ. Sci., Kyoto Pref. Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 85–89, 2013)
To evaluate the concentrations of iodine (I) and bromine (Br) in agricultural soils of Japan in relation to soil type and region, we collected 180 soil samples from the surface layer of 96 paddy fields and 84 upland fields. Samples were extracted with tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution for determination of total I by ICP–MS and with alkali solution for determination of total Br by the analysis of 2-bromo-3-pentanone by HPLC. The arithmetic means were 7.18 mg for I and 14.7 mg for Br kg −1, and the geometric means were 3.12 mg for I and 7.38 mg for Br kg −1. Total I concentrations were relatively high in dark red soils (21.8 mg kg −1), Andosols (18.8 mg kg −1), red soils (18.3 mg kg −1), and Wet Andosols (17.1 mg kg −1). Total Br concentrations were relatively high in non-allophanic Andosols (39.0 mg kg −1), Andosols (36.6 mg kg −1), and Wet Andosols (26.1 mg kg −1). In general, concentrations of both were higher in Andosols and lower in Lowland soils and Dune Regosols. Total concentrations of both the compounds were higher in the Kanto, Kyushu, and Hokkaido regions and lower in the Shikoku, Chugoku, Kinki, and Hokuriku–Chubu regions. These trends corresponded well with the trends of soil organic matter content, redox condition (reflecting land use), and contents of iron and aluminum oxides.
Key words: bromine, iodine, Japan, region, soil type.
Estimating nitrate travel time to groundwater in agricultural areas in the Tone River basin from deep soil properties and layer characteristics
Atsushi SAKAGUCHI1, Hidetaka KATOU1, Hiroyuki IEDA1, 2 and Keiko NAKANO1, 3
1 Natl. Inst. Agro–Environ. Sci., 2 Present address: NTC Consultant Co. Ltd., 3 Present address: NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agric. Res. Cent.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 90–99, 2013)
Travel time of leached nitrate arriving at the groundwater level can vary greatly with soil, geographical, and meteorological characteristics of the agricultural area. Travel time of nitrate to the groundwater was estimated over the agricultural area, excluding paddy fields, in the Tone River basin. For 213 points where the soil layering characteristics are known, the shallow groundwater level and the net annual water infiltration, calculated from annual precipitation and estimated potential evapotranspiration, were interpolated. Deep soil layers found in the basin were categorized into 15 groups, for each of which hydraulic properties were parameterized using van Genuchten's equation. The volumetric water content profile at each point was computed with numerical simulation software (HYDRUS−1D), assuming a steady downward water flux equivalent to the net annual infiltration. The retardation factor for nitrate was inferred by assuming that the maximum adsorption of nitrate was proportional to the adsorbed sulfate content in the soil layer. Travel times of water and nitrate down to the groundwater in the basin were interpolated from those predicted for the 213 points by assuming a piston−like displacement. The estimated travel time of nitrate ranged from 0.4 to 31 years. Longer travel times were obtained in the Gunma prefecture and along the midstream of Kinu River, where the net water infiltration was small and a thick deposition of soil layers with a high volumetric water content and a large retardation factor was found. Travel times were shorter in the western foothills of the Tochigi prefecture, owing to the greater net water infiltration and shallower groundwater level. Short travel times found in the midstream and downstream regions of the Tone River were associated with the presence of impervious Joso clay layer, which causes the horizontal subsurface flow observed in the region. These results suggest that in different regions of the basin, it takes different times for the changes in soil and fertilizer management to be reflected in the shallow groundwater quality. These differences should be taken into account for evaluating the effectiveness of agronomic practices aimed at improving the environmental quality.
Key words: Andosol, deep soil, GIS, groundwater pollution, nitrate−N.
Notes
Comparison study between seed germination tests to evaluate the quality of manure
Yuki HITAKA1,2 and Aya NISHIWAKI1
1 Fac. Agric. Univ. Miyazaki, 2 Present address: Div. Pharmaceut. Sci., Sojo Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 100–103, 2013)
Estimate of N2O emission of hog and poultry manure compost from amount of acid-detergent soluble nitrogen
Ichiro UEZONO1, Kazuya NISHINA2,3, Noriko OURA2 and Koji FURUE1
1 Kagoshima Pref. Inst. Agric. Dev., 2 Natl. Res. Invent. Cent., 3 Present address: NIES
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 104–107, 2013)
Current Topics
Method of fertilizer application for corncob compost as phosphorus fertilizer
Kazuyoshi YAMADA1,2, Takayoshi UEHARA1,3 and Masanao UCHITSU4,5
1 Nagano Veg. Ornament. Crop. Exp. Stat., 2 Present address: Nagano Pref. Agric. Res. Inst., 3 Present address: Nagano Pref. Agric, Res. Inst., 4 Nagano Pref. Agric. Exp. Sta., 5 Present address: Nagano Pref. Matsumoto Reg. Off.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 108–111, 2013)
Lecture
Recent advances in research on soil redox reactions: Chasing redox reaction in soil. 6. Development of new biological soil disinfestation techniques with low concentrations of ethanol
Yuso KOBARA
Natl Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 112–117, 2013)
Research on phosphorus nutrition against the forthcoming depletion of phosphorus resources. 6. Development of low-phytate grains and its use
Akihiro UEDA and Hirofumi SANEOKA
Grad. Sch. Biosp. Sci. Hiroshima Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 118–124, 2013)
Utilization and research of silicon in recent agriculture. 5. Development of evaluating methods for available silicate and its utilization technology in paddy field
Makoto MATSUMORI1 and Noriaki GUNJIKAKE2
1 Kumamoto Pref. Agric. Res. Cent., 2 JCAM Agri. Co., Ltd. South Kyushu Branch
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 125–129, 2013)
Miscellaneous
How should we promote soil education hereafter?
Teruo HIGASHI1, Hitoshi KANNO2, Katsutoshi TAKI3, Hitoshi HASHIMOTO4, Hideaki HIRAI5, Tadashi FUKUDA6 and Kenji TAMURA1
1 Grad. Sch. Life Environ. Sci., Univ. Tsukuba, 2 Grad. Sch. Agric. Sci. Fac. Agric., Tohoku Univ., 3 Aichi Agric. Res. Cent., 4 Hokkaido Res. Org., Agric. Res. Dept. Centl. Agric. Exp. Sta., 5 Fac. Agric., Utsunomiya Univ., 6 Musashino Gakuin Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 130–135, 2013)
Potential for basic research in plant nutrition for better agroproduction
Hiroyuki KOYAMA1, Takuro SHINANO2, Naoko OHKAMA-OHTSU3, Akiko MARUYAMA-NAKASHITA4, Kyoko MIWA5, Masaru KOBAYASHI6, Toshihiro WATANABE7, Daisei UENO8, Shin-ichi NAKAMURA9, Yuriko KOBAYASHI1 and Michiko TAKAHASHI10
1 Fac. Appl. Biol. Sci., Gifu Univ., 2 Natl. Agric. Food Res. Org., 3 Tokyo Univ. Agric. Tech., 4 Fac. Agric., Kyushu Univ., 5 Creative Res. Inst. Hokkaido Univ., 6 Grad. Sch. Agric., Kyoto Univ., 7 Res. Fac. Agric., Hokkaido Univ., 8 Fac. Agric. Agric. Sci. Program, Kochi Univ., 9 Fac. Bioresource Sci., Akita Pref. Univ., 10 Fac. Agric., Utsunomiya Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 136–141, 2013)
Conference participation report: 9th International Phytotechnology Society (IPS)
Sayuri NAMIKI
Grad. Sch. Life Environ. Sci., Univ. Tsukuba
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 142, 2013)
Member's Plaza
Report on the mini-symposium “Application of stable isotope ratio for understanding nitrogen dynamics in soil-plant system”
Kazunori MINAMIKAWA1, Yosuke YANAI2, Kazumichi FUJII3, Yasuhiro NAKAJIMA1, Yoshiyuki INAGAKI3 and Kazuo ISOBE4
1 Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci., 2 Natl. Agric. Food Res. Org., 3 Forestry Forest Products Res. Inst., 4 Grad. Sch. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Tokyo
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 143–144, 2013)
Abstracts of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 59, No. 1 (2013)
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 84, 145–147, 2013)