Vol. 86 (2015)
No. 2 (pp. 81–165)
Original Article
Soil type, phosphate application, and soil pH all influence the incidence of black root rot caused by Phomopsis sclerotioides
Hiroyuki OSHIMA, Yoshiyuki MAEDA and Itsuo GOTO
Fac. Appl. Bio-Sci., Tokyo Univ. Agric.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 81–88, 2015)
We examined the effects of soil type, soil pH, and the concentration of available phosphate on the growth of Phomopsis sclerotioides hyphae and the incidence of Phomopsis diseases. Autoclaved samples of humic Andosol, non-humic Andosol, Brown Lowland soil, Gray Lowland soil and Red–Yellow soil were inoculated with the pathogen, and the extent of disease suppression by each soil was evaluated. The humic Andosol most strongly suppressed the incidence of disease; it also suppressed P. sclerotioides hyphal growth on soil agar medium supplemented with it. The addition of excess phosphate reduced these suppressive effects. As the addition of phosphate decreased the amount of soluble aluminum in the humic Andosol, active aluminum may be responsible for the suppressive effects of the soil. We also examined the effects of increasing the soil pH from 5.5 to 7.5 on hyphal growth and the incidence of disease: both were greater at low pH and were suppressed at pH 6.5 or higher. Thus, although humic Andosol can suppress Phomopsis, excessive application of phosphate and soil alkalinification both reduce its capacity to suppress pathogen growth and increase the incidence of disease.
Key words: aluminum, excess application of phosphate, Phomopsis black root rot, soil acidification, suppressive soil.
Evaluation of the growth of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), yield and quality of lotus root, and soil nutrient dynamics on shallow soil cultivation system
Yo TOMA1, Rena IWAMOTO1, Kaori INAYOSHI1, Nobuyuki NAGASAKI2 and Hideto UENO1
1Fac. Agric., Ehime Univ., 2Nagasaki Industrial Co. Ltd.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 89–97, 2015)
Much effort to harvest the rhizome of lotus has been required in lotus cultivation. In our study, the growth of lotus, yield and quality of rhizome, soil nutrient dynamics and irrigation were evaluated in the shallow soil cultivation system. Chemical (C) and organic (O) fertilizer application plots were set up at a pool installed at 10 cm depth in soil in 2011 and 2012. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus application rates were the same between the two plots, while potassium (K) application in the O plot was only 30% of that in the C plot due to the low concentration of K in the organic fertilizer. The yields of rhizome (3.15 to 3.93 kg m─2) were larger than that in conventional cultivation, and there was no difference in the yield between the plots. In the C plot, rhizomes of 100~200 g tended to be larger than in the O plot, which might be due to greater K application in the C plot. This is supported by the result that more than 50% of the K in lotus was concentrated in the rhizome. The color of the rhizome was almost same between the two plots. However, the color of the rhizome in 2013 was significantly whiter compared with that in 2012, because soil iron oxide, which is a causal material for the brown color of rhizome, might be reduced during the winter. Cation exchange capacity, soil total carbon and N concentrations, and exchangeable K concentration reduced by 14~55% after two cultivations. This showed that soil nutrients reduced by plant uptake should be supplied by organic matter or other materials. The amount of irrigation water used during the cultivation was approximately 1000 mm. However, water should be supplied when evapotranspiration is greater than precipitation, especially in August and September. This study showed that high yield and quality of lotus rhizome are promising in the soil shallow cultivation system, though management for maintaining soil fertility would be required.
Key words: lotus, nutrient dynamics, organic farming, shallow soil cultivation system.
Notes
Suppressive effect of different preceding crops on bacterial wilt of tomato in hydroponic culture using pumice medium
Yuko SUGA1,2,3, Takeshi IGAWA3,4 and Koki TOYOTA3
1NARO Western Region Agric. Res. Cent., 2Present address: NARO Agric. Res. Cent., 3Grad. Sch. Bio-Appl. Sys. Eng, Tokyo Univ. Agric. Tech., 4Present address: McDonald’s Japan Co., Ltd.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 98–102, 2015)
Suitability of bamboo biochar as a liming material
Toshiyuki NAGUMO, Chika MORI and Manami ANDO
Fac. Agric., Shizuoka Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 103–108, 2015)
N2O emission in the Japanese pear production system through continuous application of swine manure compost for 10% years and analysis of the impact factor
Yutaka FUJITA1,2, Tomohito SANO3, Noriko OURA3, Shigeto SUDOU3 and Tsuyoshi IIMURA1
1Horti. Inst. Ibaraki Pref. Agric. Cent., 2Present address: Ibaraki Pref. Agric. Cent., 3Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 109–113, 2015)
Current Topics
The mineral contents according to part in rice, cabbage, onion and carrot
Hatsuyoshi KITAMURA1, Tomoko MATSUDA1, Masayuki HARA1 and Takeo YANO2
1Mie Pref. Agric. Res. Inst., 2Grad. Sch. Regional Innovation Studies, Mie Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 114–119, 2015)
Lectures
Soil education practical course in school and society
4. Attractive indoor experiments which make it possible to realize characteristics and functions of soils
Haruo TANAKA1, Katsutoshi TAKI2 and Hitoshi KANNO3
1Inst. Agric., Tokyo Univ. Agric. Tech., 2Aichi Agric. Res. Cent., 3Grad. Sch. Agric. Sci., Tohoku Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 120–125, 2015)
Development and future prospects of innovative application methods with resin-coated fertilizer
2. The advancement of the resin-coated fertilizers use technology and the future prospects in rice cultivation
Yoshihiro KANETA
Akita Pref. Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 126–131, 2015)
Agricultural production technology utilizing recent knowledge of plant nutrition science
2. QTL approaches for understanding potential of nitrogen utilization in rice
Mitsuhiro OBARA
Japan Int’l Res. Cent. Agric. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 132–138, 2015)
Review
History of cadmium contamination and chemical speciation in paddy soils in Japan (1970–2015)
Mitsuhiro FURUYA1, Yohey HASHIMOTO1, Noriko YAMAGUCHI2 and Tomoyuki MAKINO2
1Grad. Sch. Bio-appl. Sys. Eng., Tokyo Univ. Agric. Tech., 2Natl. Inst. Agro-environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 139–146, 2015)
Miscellaneous
Seminar report. The 7th meeting for field monitoring and evaluation of agricultural impact on environment: Statistics for effective utilization of monitoring result and evaluation of agricultural impact on environment
Kazuya NISHINA1, Kiwamu ISHIKURA2, Sonoko D. KIMURA3 and Nobuko KATAYANAGI4
1Natl. Inst. Environ. Study, 2Sch. Agric., Grad. Sch. Agric., Res. Fac. Agric., Hokkaido Univ., 3Tokyo Univ. Agric. Tech., 4Natl. Inst. Agro-Environ. Sci.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 147–151, 2015)
Mineral transport and sensing in plants
Jumpei TAKANO1, Kuo-Chen YEH2, Miki KAWACHI3, Toshihiko HAYAKAWA4, Hiroyuki KOYAMA5, Mutsutomo TOKIZAWA6, Yuriko KOBAYASHI5, Takehiro KAMIYA7 and Kyoko MIWA8
1Grad. Sch. Agric., Hokkaido Univ., 2Agric. Biotech. Res. Cent., Academia Sinica, 3Grad. Sch. Bio-agric. Sci., Nagoya Univ., 4Grad. Sch. Agric. Sci., Tohoku Univ., 5Applied Biological Sci., Gifu Univ., 6United Grad. Sch. Agric. Sci., Gifu Univ., 7Grad. Sch. Agric. Life Sci., The Univ. Tokyo, 8Grad. Sch. Environ. Sci., Hokkaido Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 152–158, 2015)
Report on Executive Committee of International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna, January 2015
Kazuyuki INUBUSHI1 and Takashi KOSAKI2
1Grad. Sch. Hort., Chiba Univ., 2Fac. Grad. Sch. Urban Environ. Sci., Tokyo Metro. Univ.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 159, 2015)
Abstracts of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 60, No. 6 (2014)
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 86, 160–163, 2015)