An Investigation of the Reciprocity Principle of Light Exposures Using Microfading Spectrometry

ABSTRACT

It is frequently assumed that sensitive museum materials follow the reciprocity principle of light exposures. Thus, equivalent exposure doses obtained by using either high-illuminance levels for short periods of time or lower illumination for longer exhibition periods are believed to cause similar degrees of damage to an object. Microfading spectrometry permitted the investigation of this phenomenon by evaluation of light-induced changes in a series of samples. The effects of equivalent exposure doses on materials such as Blue Wool 1, LightCheck Ultra, and various dyed silks from a reference collection were compared. The results indicate that reciprocity is obeyed by the most stable colorants, while materials with lower stability to light may experience deviations that are proportional to the intensity of illumination. This study confirms that reciprocity failure is associated with the use of high-intensity lamps during accelerated-aging trials. Therefore only those tests conducted at low-illumination intensity ranges where reciprocity holds should be employed when one estimates the extent of damage occurring in a museum environment.

KEYWORDS:

• microfading tester
• photofading
• reciprocity principle
• visible reflectance spectroscopy

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported through a Pre-Doctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution Office of Research and Training Services. The authors would like to thank Antonio Fernando Batista-dos Santos of Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) in Minas Gerais for providing a set of dyed-silk samples for the study.