Nitration of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Halobenzenes Using NOx Catalyzed by Solid Acid Catalysts

Abstract

The nitration of aromatics using zeolite as a solid inorganic catalyst and nitric oxides as nitrating agents is a relatively clean process for aromatic nitration.

Keywords:

• Aromatic nitration
• nitrogen oxides
• zeolites

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Financial support by the Government of India under “Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme” (TEQIP) is gratefully acknowledged.

Notes

Reaction conditions: Chlorobenzene (30 mmol), catalyst zeolite Hβ, 1,2-dichloroethane (30 ml), HNO₃ 4 ml, P₂O₅ 10 g; temperature 40 °C, reaction time 240 min.

^a GC.

Reaction conditions: Chlorobenzene (30 mmol), catalyst 1 wt% wrt wt. of CB, dichloroethane (30 ml), HNO₃ 4 ml, P₂O₅ 10 g; temperature 40 °C, reaction time 240 min.

^a GC.

Reaction conditions: substrate (30 mmol), catalyst zeolite Hβ 1 wt% wrt wt. of substrate, dichloroethane (30 mL), HNO₃ 4 ml, P₂O₅ 10 g; temperature 40 °C, reaction time 240 min.

^a Without catalyst.

^b GC and GC-MS.

^c Exclusive 1-nitronaphthalene.

^d 2,3-Dichloro-1-nitrobenzene.

^e 3,4-Dichloro-1-nitrobenzene.