Green and efficient three-component synthesis of novel isoniazid pyrazoles, molecular docking, antioxidant and antitubercular evaluation

Abstract

A series of novel isoniazid pyrazole derivatives were synthesized by an efficient, multicomponent reaction of various substituted aromatic aldehydes, isoniazid, and malononitrile in aqueous ethanol. The catalyst-free, green, three-component reaction took place well with good to excellent yields of the desired derivatives. The synthesized novel derivatives were screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-TB properties along with the molecular docking study. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit moderate antibacterial and comparable antifungal properties, while all of them display strong antioxidant activity. The compound 4l demonstrates the most significant activity against M. tuberculosis with MIC = 0.125 µg/mL. The various analytical techniques including FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS were utilized to confirm the structures of the newly synthesized compounds.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Green synthesis
• multicomponent reaction
• anti-TB
• antioxidant
• docking study

Acknowledgments

The author, Bharti P. Koli acknowledged the financial assistance awarded for the research work from Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Research Fellowship (MJPRF-2021), Nagpur, Maharashtra, and SAP Scheme of Govt. of India for the financial support involved in the research work. R. P. Gore and P. R. Malasane are thankful to Ms. Deepali S. Ghorpade, Assistant Professor, Government College of Pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra for valuable discussion and input regarding docking study and SAIF, Punjab University, Chandigarh for spectral characterization. We are thankful to Dr. Mahesh Patil, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, R. C. Patel A. S. C. College, Shirpur, Maharashtra, for the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the synthesized compounds. We are grateful to CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow for antitubercular activity.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.